Economic Impacts from PM<sub>2.5</sub> Pollution-Related Health Effects in China: A Provincial-Level Analysis

Xie, Yang; Dai, Hancheng; Dong, Huijuan; Hanaoka, Tatsuya; Masui, Toshihiko

doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b05576

Cited by 340 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Hospital expenditure of a single morbidity or mortality case includes outpatient fee and hospitalization fee, which were estimated by a factor of local per capita gross domestic product (GDP). Such factor and residue were derived from linear regression between the statistics of local per capita GDP and local expenditure per mortality and morbidity (Xie et al 2016):…”

Section: Economic Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where PCGDP refers to per capita GDP; f denotes the categories of health expenditure; k refers to the index of the domain grid; E refers to two health endpoints: mortality and morbidity. and are the regression coefficients extracted from Xie et al (2016). The spatial distribution of GDP in 2010 was derived from the data center for RESDC (Liu et al 2014).…”

Section: Economic Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impacts of sectoral emissions in China and the implications: air quality, public health, crop production, and economic costs

Wong

Law

et al. 2018

Environ. Res. Lett.

112

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China has experienced considerable economic losses from a severe deterioration in air quality. To solve this, a comprehensive understanding of the impacts and sources of air pollution is necessary. This study aimed to quantify the environmental and human health impacts of PM 2.5 and O 3 pollution from the six major emission-producing sectors in China. We utilized a chemical transport model to simulate the air quality impacts engendered by sectoral emissions. The consequent impacts on public health and crop production, as well as the corresponding collateral economic costs, were quantified by concentration-response functions. The results show that the sectoral emissions in 2010 caused approximately 1 143 000 (95% confidence interval (CI): 168 000-1 796 000) premature mortalities and a 20 035 (95% CI: 6776-32 166) Gg crop production loss. Of the six sectors, the industrial sector was the largest contributor of air pollution, accounting for 36% of the total impact on health, as well as 41% of crop production loss due to O 3 exposure. The impacts attributable to sectoral emissions in China were estimated to cost ∼267 (95% CI: 180-360) billion yuan (0.66% of the annual GDP). Our findings suggest an urgent need to reduce anthropogenic emissions in China, particularly those of the industrial sector. The varying characteristics of impact due to emissions of various sectors highlight the importance of evaluating cobenefits when formulating emission control policies.

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Section: Economic Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Economic Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of sectoral emissions in China and the implications: air quality, public health, crop production, and economic costs

Wong

Law

et al. 2018

Environ. Res. Lett.

112

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“…Xie et al (2016) estimated that without PM 2.5 pollution control policy, China will experiences US$25.2 billion in health expenditure (2.00% of GDP) from PM 2.5 pollution in 2030. Xie et al (2016) estimated that without PM 2.5 pollution control policy, China will experiences US$25.2 billion in health expenditure (2.00% of GDP) from PM 2.5 pollution in 2030.…”

Section: Dalys Due To Pm 25 and Pm 10mentioning

confidence: 99%

Burden of disease attributed to ambient PM2.5 and PM10 exposure in 190 cities in China

Maji

Arora

Dikshit

2017

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Particulate air pollution is becoming a serious public health concern in urban cities of China. Association of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and economic loss with air pollution-related health effects demand quantitative analysis for correctional measures in air quality. This study applies an epidemiology-based exposure-response function to obtain the quantitative estimate of health impact of particulate matter PM and PM across 190 cities of China during years 2014-2015. The annual average concentration of PM and PM is 57 ± 18 μg/m (ranging from 18 to 119 μg/m) and 97.7 ± 34.2 μg/m (ranging from 33.5 to 252.8 μg/m), respectively. Based on the present study, the total estimated annual premature mortality due to PM is 722,370 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 322,716-987,519], 79% of which accounts for adult cerebrovascular disease (stroke) and ischemic heart disease (IHD). The premature mortality in megacities is very high, such as Chongqing (25,162/year), Beijing (19,702/year), Shanghai (19,617/year), Tianjin (13,726/year), and Chengdu (12,356/year). PM pollution has caused 1,491,774 (95% CI = 972,770-1,960,303) premature deaths (age >30) in China. Further, 3,614,064 cases of chronic bronchitis (CB); 13,759,894 cases of asthma attack among all ages; 191,709 COPD-related hospital admission (HA) cases; 499,048 respiratory-related HA; 357,816 cerebrovascular HA; and 308,129 cardiovascular-related HA due to PM pollution have been estimated during 2014-2015. Chongqing, Beijing, Baoding, Tianjin, and Shijiazhuang are the top five contributors to pollution-related mortality, accounting for 3.10, 2.71, 2.49, 2.20, and 2.02%, respectively, of the total deaths caused by PM pollution. The total DALYs associated with PM and PM pollution in China is 7.2 and 20.66 million in 2014-2015, and mortality and chronic bronchitis shared about 93.3% of the total DALYs for PM. During this period, the economic cost of health impact due to PM is approximately US$304,122 million, which accounts for about 2.94% of China's gross domestic product (GDP). Megacities are expected to contribute relatively more to the total costs. The present methodology could be used as a tool to help policy makers and pollution control board authorities, to further analyze costs and benefits of air pollution management programs in China.

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“…Matus and Nam et al [37] found that China's PM pollution led to a loss in GDP of 112 billion US dollars in 2005. Based on a computable general equilibrium model, Xie et al [38] found that China would experience a 2.00% GDP loss and 25.2 billion USD in the health expenditure loss in 2030 due to PM 2.5 pollution. The air pollutants in China have led to 1.2 million premature deaths and removing 25 million healthy years of life in 2010 alone [39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining PM2.5 Emissions Embodied in China’s Supply Chain Using a Multiregional Input-Output Analysis

2017

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Abstract:Haze has become an urgent problem for China's highly populated cities. Regional collaboration is an effective method for controlling air pollution. Because air pollution diffuses freely, it is necessary to distribute the responsibility for pollution with a common and differentiated rule. Based on a multiregional input-output model, this article calculated the PM 2.5 emissions embodied in provincial trade (EEPT) of China's 30 provinces in 2007 and 2010. The results show that the PM 2.5 EEPT accounts for almost one-third of the production-based PM 2.5 emissions of China. The economic crisis lowered the EEPT, while the ratio between the EEPT and production-based PM 2.5 emissions has increased. The EEPT values of the eastern provinces are mainly due to the EEPT embodied in final consumption, while the EEPT values of the central, northeastern, and the western provinces are due to the EEPT embodied in the intermediate input. We also analyzed different compositions of EEPT, such as fixed capital formation and consumption. The emissions embodied in provincial imports are mainly due to fixed capital formation. Due to the policies of the West Development, the Rising of Central China, and Promoting the Old Industrial Base in the Northeast, the central government increased the investment to these areas. The ratios of the EEPT embodied in the fixed capital formation to the total EEPT of the central (0.64), northeastern (0.69), and the western provinces (0.65) are higher than that of the eastern provinces (0.62). This indicates that the government need to establish different policies to control the effects of EEPT. In addition to the challenges of regional collaboration, environmental damage and the EEPT should be taken into account. The importers in the collaboration should consider providing compensation to the exporters in the collaboration.

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Economic Impacts from PM_2.5 Pollution-Related Health Effects in China: A Provincial-Level Analysis

Cited by 340 publications

References 42 publications

Impacts of sectoral emissions in China and the implications: air quality, public health, crop production, and economic costs

Impacts of sectoral emissions in China and the implications: air quality, public health, crop production, and economic costs

Burden of disease attributed to ambient PM2.5 and PM10 exposure in 190 cities in China

Examining PM2.5 Emissions Embodied in China’s Supply Chain Using a Multiregional Input-Output Analysis

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Economic Impacts from PM2.5 Pollution-Related Health Effects in China: A Provincial-Level Analysis

Cited by 340 publications

References 42 publications

Impacts of sectoral emissions in China and the implications: air quality, public health, crop production, and economic costs

Impacts of sectoral emissions in China and the implications: air quality, public health, crop production, and economic costs

Burden of disease attributed to ambient PM2.5 and PM10 exposure in 190 cities in China

Examining PM2.5 Emissions Embodied in China’s Supply Chain Using a Multiregional Input-Output Analysis

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Economic Impacts from PM_2.5 Pollution-Related Health Effects in China: A Provincial-Level Analysis