Economic Impacts of Western European Air Pollution on the Finnish Forest Sector

Seppälä, Heikki; Seppälä, Risto; Kallio, Markku

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-75450-0_62

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Twelve permafrost thaw ponds located on a palsa bog in a river valley in the sporadic permafrost zone (55 13 0 N, 77 42 0 W) close to the village of Whapmagoostui-Kuujjuarapik (Nunavik, QC, Canada) were sampled once in the beginning of August 2014. Palsas are frost heaves containing permanently frozen ice lenses, with an ice core inside of the overlying soil (Seppälä 2006). The height of palsas at the study site is up to 3 m and the age of the organic material in the top 1.5 m varies from 700 yr in the surface to 5000 yr at a depth of 1.6 m (Fillion et al 2014).…”

Section: Sample Site and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ontogenic succession of thermokarst thaw ponds is linked to dissolved organic matter quality and microbial degradation potential

Peura

Wauthy

Simone

et al. 2019

Limnology & Oceanography

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Warming climate is thawing the permafrost in arctic and subarctic regions, leading to formation of thermokarst ponds. During the formation and geomorphological succession of these ponds, carbon that has been trapped in frozen soils for thousands of years is hydrologically mobilized and returned to the active carbon cycle. We sampled 12 thermokarst ponds representing three different stages of pond succession to study the potential of microbial communities to metabolize the organic carbon in the water. We investigated the quality of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the water column based on the spectrophotometric and fluorometric properties of the chromophoric dissolved organic matter combined with parallel factor analysis and the potential of the microbial community for degrading these carbon compounds based on genetic markers related to carbon degradation. Our analysis showed a clear difference in the DOC quality across the different developmental stages. In the younger ponds, organic matter quality suggested that it was originating from the degrading permafrost and in the metagenomes collected from these ponds, the normalized abundance of genes related to degradation of carbon compounds was higher. There was also a shift in the degradation potential in the water column of the ponds, with higher potential for organic matter degradation in deeper, anoxic layers. In conclusion, our results show that the DOC quality and the genetic potential of the microbial community for carbon cycling change across the pond ontogeny, suggesting a capacity of the microbial communities to adapt to changing environmental conditions. Permafrost soils contain one of the major carbon storages on Earth, with an estimated 950-1672 Gt of carbon (Zimov et al.

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Section: Sample Site and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ontogenic succession of thermokarst thaw ponds is linked to dissolved organic matter quality and microbial degradation potential

Peura

Wauthy

Simone

et al. 2019

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…However, the use of peat in energy provision always has an adverse impact on soil C storage as the combustion of peat releases, in a short period of time, C that accumulated over thousands of years. Even if peatland restoration is successful, any C sequestration possible as a result of subsequent plant inputs will provide negligible compensation over the short term for the burning of peat [45].…”

Section: Peat Extraction For Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of soils in provision of energy

Smith

Farmer

Smith

et al. 2021

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Soils have both direct and indirect impacts on available energy, but energy provision, in itself, has direct and indirect impacts on soils. Burning peats provides only approximately 0.02% of global energy supply yet emits approximately 0.7–0.8% of carbon losses from land-use change and forestry (LUCF). Bioenergy crops provide approximately 0.3% of energy supply and occupy approximately 0.2–0.6% of harvested area. Increased bioenergy demand is likely to encourage switching from forests and pastures to rotational energy cropping, resulting in soil carbon loss. However, with protective policies, incorporation of residues from energy provision could sequester approximately 0.4% of LUCF carbon losses. All organic wastes available in 2018 could provide approximately 10% of global energy supply, but at a cost to soils of approximately 5% of LUCF carbon losses; not using manures avoids soil degradation but reduces energy provision to approximately 9%. Wind farms, hydroelectric solar and geothermal schemes provide approximately 3.66% of energy supply and occupy less than approximately 0.3% of harvested area, but if sited on peatlands could result in carbon losses that exceed reductions in fossil fuel emissions. To ensure renewable energy provision does not damage our soils, comprehensive policies and management guidelines are needed that (i) avoid peats, (ii) avoid converting permanent land uses (such as perennial grassland or forestry) to energy cropping, and (iii) return residues remaining from energy conversion processes to the soil. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The role of soils in delivering Nature's Contributions to People’.

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Economic Impacts of Western European Air Pollution on the Finnish Forest Sector

Cited by 2 publications

References 1 publication

Ontogenic succession of thermokarst thaw ponds is linked to dissolved organic matter quality and microbial degradation potential

Ontogenic succession of thermokarst thaw ponds is linked to dissolved organic matter quality and microbial degradation potential

The role of soils in provision of energy

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