Economic Inequality and Undernutrition in Women: Multilevel Analysis of Individual, Household, and Community Levels in Cambodia

Hong, Rathavuth

doi:10.1177/156482650702800107

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Nevertheless, it has been learnt that the number of previous opportunistic infections were independent risk factors of malnutrition. This finding is well supplemented by similar other studies conducted by international agencies and researchers [2,9,11]. HIV-induced immune impairment and heightened subsequent risk of opportunistic infection can worsen nutritional status [8].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Malnutrition: Prevalence and its associated factors in People living with HIV/AIDS, in Dilla University Referral Hospital

2013

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BackgroundLiteratures on prevalence and factors associated with malnutrition among peoples living with HIV/AIDS are limited in Ethiopia and not well documented either. The proper implementation of nutritional support and its integration with the routine highly active antiretroviral therapy package demands a clear picture of the magnitude and associated factors of malnutrition. The objective of this study is, therefore, to assess the prevalence and factors associated with malnutrition among peoples living with HIV/AIDS.MethodsInstitution based cross sectional study was conducted in Dilla University referral Hospital including adult HIV patients who were in highly active anti retroviral therapy. Interview administered questionnaires were used to collect data on socio demographic factors. Besides, HIV related clinical information was extracted from anti retro viral therapy data base and clinical charts. The nutritional status of the patients was determined by Body Mass Index (BMI) where BMI < 18kg/m2 was defined as malnutrition according to World Health Organization (WHO). Binary logistic regression was used to assess association between different risk factors and malnutrition. Confidence interval of 95% was considered to see the precision of the study and the level of significance was taken at α <0.05.ResultsA total of 520 patients were included in the analysis. The overall prevalence of malnutrition was 12.3% (95% CI 9.5–15.0). After full control of all variables; unemployment (OR = 3.61, 95% CI: 3.6 − 7.76), WHO clinical stage four (OR = 12.9, 95% CI: 2.49− 15.25), gastrointestinal symptoms (OR = 5.3, 95% CI: 2.56 − 10.78) and previous (one) opportunistic infection (OR = 3.1, 95% CI 2.06 − 5.46), and two & above previous opportunistic infections (OR = 4.5, 95% CI: 3.38 − 10.57) were significantly associated with malnutrition. However, moderately poor economic condition was found to be protective factor for malnutrition (OR = 0.4, 95% CI: 0.14 − 0.95).ConclusionUnemployment, WHO clinical AIDS stage four, one & more number of previous opportunistic infections and gastrointestinal symptoms were found to be important risk factors for malnutrition among People Living with HIV/AIDS. From this study it has been learnt that nutritional programs should be an integral part of HIV/AIDS continuum of care. Furthermore, it needs to improve household income of PLHIV with employment opportunity and to engage them in income generating activities as well.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Malnutrition: Prevalence and its associated factors in People living with HIV/AIDS, in Dilla University Referral Hospital

2013

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“…Hong and Hong 2007; Gareene and Hohmann-Gareene 2003). Following previous studies, the study uses Principal Components Analysis ( see Dunteman 1989; Montgomery et al 2000; Filmer and Prichett 2001) to develop a living standards index that captures variations in household wealth.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family Contexts and Schooling Disruption among Orphans in Post-Genocide Rwanda

Thomas

2009

Popul Res Policy Rev

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This study examines the relationship between orphan status and schooling disruption in post-genocide Rwanda. The results indicate that while non-orphans have more favorable schooling outcomes in two-parent than in single-parent families, the reverse is true among Rwandan orphans. In single-mother households, paternal orphans, i.e. orphans with only a living mother, have better outcomes than their orphan and non-orphan counterparts. In contrast, paternal orphans have worse outcomes than other children in two-parent households, especially in households headed by males. Maternal orphans are more likely to experience schooling disruptions than non-orphans regardless of family structure. The maternal-orphan disadvantage is nevertheless greater in female-headed than in male-headed households. As expected, non-related orphans are more disadvantaged than orphans related to their household heads. However, non-related orphans have a greater disadvantage in two-parent than in single-parent households. The results also suggest that within households, the provision of childcare to children below schooling age is an impediment to orphan’s schooling. These impediments are, however, greater for double-orphans than paternal or maternal orphans.

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“…Thomas (2007) examined child mortality and socioeconomic status among migrants and non‐migrants based on micro data from the 3 percent sample of the 1996 population census of South Africa, with 5 ordinal and 2 binary variables. Hong and Hong (2007) used the 2000 Cambodia DHS to examine how household and community economic inequalities affect nutritional status in women, with 6 categorical variables and 14 binary variables. Sumarto et al.…”

Section: Proxy Measurement Of Socioeconomic Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic Status Measurement With Discrete Proxy Variables: Is Principal Component Analysis a Reliable Answer?

Kolenikov

Ángeles²

2009

Review of Income and Wealth

669

499

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The last several years have seen a growth in the number of publications in economics that use principal component analysis (PCA) in the area of welfare studies. This paper explores the ways discrete data can be incorporated into PCA. The effects of discreteness of the observed variables on the PCA are reviewed. The statistical properties of the popular Filmer and Pritchett (2001) procedure are analyzed. The concepts of polychoric and polyserial correlations are introduced with appropriate references to the existing literature demonstrating their statistical properties. A large simulation study is carried out to compare various implementations of discrete data PCA. The simulation results show that the currently used method of running PCA on a set of dummy variables as proposed by Filmer and Pritchett (2001) can be improved upon by using procedures appropriate for discrete data, such as retaining the ordinal variables without breaking them into a set of dummy variables or using polychoric correlations. An empirical example using Bangladesh 2000 Demographic and Health Survey data helps in explaining the differences between procedures.

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Economic Inequality and Undernutrition in Women: Multilevel Analysis of Individual, Household, and Community Levels in Cambodia

Abstract: Improving household income and creating employment opportunities for women, in particular poor women, may be a key to improving the nutritional status of women in Cambodia.

Cited by 19 publications

References 15 publications

Malnutrition: Prevalence and its associated factors in People living with HIV/AIDS, in Dilla University Referral Hospital

Malnutrition: Prevalence and its associated factors in People living with HIV/AIDS, in Dilla University Referral Hospital

Family Contexts and Schooling Disruption among Orphans in Post-Genocide Rwanda

Socioeconomic Status Measurement With Discrete Proxy Variables: Is Principal Component Analysis a Reliable Answer?

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