This article explores the critical role of electrode technology and energy efficiency in the process of electric arc welding for the purpose of melting and shaping steel. It delves into the challenges posed by electrodes that directly impact the technology’s effectiveness and energy consumption. Furthermore, the article conducts an analysis of various electrode types and classifications utilized in steel melting processes, emphasizing their efficient utilization in the steel production industry. As the demand for steel production continues to rise, so do the requirements for electrode strength and durability. However, modern metallurgical processes often encounter the recurring issue of electrode degradation and failure. Through comprehensive research, this article sheds light on the common problems associated with electrode failure during steel melting operations.