Economic, occupational and livelihood changes of Scheduled Tribes of the North Eastern region 1

Marchang, Reimeingam

doi:10.4324/9780429345074-11

Cited by 5 publications

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“…A weak agriculture base couple with the gradual integration of the traditional economy with modern market force leads to occupational diversification within and outside agriculture. Thus, the employment structure amongst the tribal of North-East and East India revealed a decline in the agriculture sector, while a registered rise in non-farm sectors (Marchang, 2019; Kumar et al, 2019). The occupational pattern in the surveyed villages shows highly skewed towards agricultural sectors in all the villages of the districts except for the Chakpikarong sub-division of Chandel district (see Table 2).…”

Section: Occupational Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on Agrarian Economy in the Hills of Manipur with Special Reference to Thadou-Kuki Ethnic Group

Guite

Sharma

2023

Journal of Land and Rural Studies

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Jhum-based agriculture has been the dominant mode of economic activity in terms of production and livelihoods for tribal people of Manipur. Thadou tribe has the highest population among all the tribes in Manipur, and their economy has been characterised by jhumming. But in recent times there has been a significant change in the way, these tribes practice their economic activities and livelihoods. The study is based on 15 villages of four different sub-divisions of three hill districts of Manipur where Thadou-Kukis are settled in large numbers. The study seeks to understand the occupational patterns of Thadou-Kuki group and the nature of its agrarian economy using village level data. The study finds that the occupational patterns of this group are changing and they are giving up jhum-based paddy cultivation for other cash crops and non-agricultural sectors. Settled cultivation is practiced widespread but due to the non-application of modern inputs, there has been a huge shortage of rice. Agricultural diversification is taking place in jhum area and there are inter-regional variations in the way the villages practice diversification. Some villages are growing poppy in a large scale and some high-value crops like ginger, king chilly and sesame. The nature of Thadou-Kuki agrarian economy is no more a homogenous one; it is now more of a differentiated agrarian economy. The state of the agrarian economy in the surveyed villages indicates a transitional flux where there is a huge food grain deficit and at the same time diversification is not taking smoothly.

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Section: Occupational Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on Agrarian Economy in the Hills of Manipur with Special Reference to Thadou-Kuki Ethnic Group

Guite

Sharma

2023

Journal of Land and Rural Studies

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“…Deprived of opportunities for gainful employment mainly due to the lack of education and employable skills, the communities tend to descend deeper into the spiral of poverty, which also impacts overall quality of life, education, health etc. (Marchang, 2019; Oraon, 2012; Parta, 2018).…”

Section: Key Challenges In Tribal Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Regions Strategy for Development of Tribal Communities

Kulkarni

Shivagunde²

2022

Review of Market Integration

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The Scheduled Tribe (ST) population in India is one of the most marginalised and deprived one in the country. The Constitution of India itself mandates exclusive approach, strategies and measures for their development. The Government of India and the state governments, along with other key stakeholders, have been taking very specific policy and programmatic interventions for reducing the disparities between the ST and other social groups for the past 74 years. The impact of these measures is clearly reflected through the improvement in vital development indicators. However, several gaps and challenges continue to persist, implying revisiting the fundamental approaches and planning processes which direct the interventions at policy and implementation level. In this article, an alternative, more focussed approach of ‘virtual region as planning unit’ takes the aspects related to geographical, cultural and developmental heterogeneity into consideration. Concrete strategies for implementation of various policies and programmes adopting the approach of virtual region planning in light of challenges have been presented. JEL Classification: D63, H11, H53, H61, H72, H75, H83, I14, I25, I38, J15, O21, O43, Y10, Z18

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“…Their means of livelihood have changed from subsistence agricultural income towards diversified modern market-oriented employment and economy. From the case study of tribes in Manipur, Marchang (2019) reveals that sources of income have been diversified in terms of different occupations such as social worker, administrator, engineer, doctor, nurse, police, clerk, teacher, business and others. This change is contributed by education and economic mobility.…”

Section: Livelihood Diversification In North-east Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Rural Livelihood Diversification Among Tribal Communities of North-Eastern Region of India: A Systematic Review

Bora¹,

Mahanta

2022

Journal of Asian and African Studies

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This article is furnished with a comprehensive review of nature and extent of rural livelihood diversification with special focus on North-Eastern region of India. This study reveals that the tribal communities of this region adopt livelihood diversification as a strategy of coping with risk due to persistent low agricultural productivity and population pressure. Despite this fact, the extent of diversification is low. Agriculture and land still occupies main source of income. It is evident from this article that this region has great potentialities of diversification towards multiple income sources. But difficult terrain and geographical isolation of this region make these resources yet to be properly utilised. The aim of this review article is to point out some issues related to livelihood diversification of North-Eastern region for further research and also try to attract the eyes of policy makers towards the potentialities of livelihood options available in this region.

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Economic, occupational and livelihood changes of Scheduled Tribes of the North Eastern region 1

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

A Study on Agrarian Economy in the Hills of Manipur with Special Reference to Thadou-Kuki Ethnic Group

A Study on Agrarian Economy in the Hills of Manipur with Special Reference to Thadou-Kuki Ethnic Group

Virtual Regions Strategy for Development of Tribal Communities

Rural Livelihood Diversification Among Tribal Communities of North-Eastern Region of India: A Systematic Review

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