Economic performance of pyrolysis of mixed plastic waste: Open-loop versus closed-loop recycling

Larraín, Macarena; Passel, Steven Van; Thomassen, Gwenny; Kresovic, Uros; Alderweireldt, Nick; Moerman, E.; Billen, Pieter

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122442

Cited by 106 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…GHGs and air pollutants emissions contradict SDG 13 and SDG 15, respectively. The chemical recycling of plastic waste to fuels through pyrolysis has been getting attention [230,231]. In the pyrolysis process, the plastic waste is heated in an oxygen-free environment to convert the polymers into monomers [232].…”

Section: Sdg 6 (Ensure Availability and Sustainable Management Of Water And Sanitation For All)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Plastic Pollution on Ecosystem Services, Sustainable Development Goals, and Need to Focus on Circular Economy and Policy Interventions

et al. 2021

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Plastic pollution is ubiquitous in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Plastic waste exposed to the environment creates problems and is of significant concern for all life forms. Plastic production and accumulation in the natural environment are occurring at an unprecedented rate due to indiscriminate use, inadequate recycling, and deposits in landfills. In 2019, the global production of plastic was at 370 million tons, with only 9% of it being recycled, 12% being incinerated, and the remaining left in the environment or landfills. The leakage of plastic wastes into terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems is occurring at an unprecedented rate. The management of plastic waste is a challenging problem for researchers, policymakers, citizens, and other stakeholders. Therefore, here, we summarize the current understanding and concerns of plastics pollution (microplastics or nanoplastics) on natural ecosystems. The overall goal of this review is to provide background assessment on the adverse effects of plastic pollution on natural ecosystems; interlink the management of plastic pollution with sustainable development goals; address the policy initiatives under transdisciplinary approaches through life cycle assessment, circular economy, and sustainability; identify the knowledge gaps; and provide current policy recommendations. Plastic waste management through community involvement and socio-economic inputs in different countries are presented and discussed. Plastic ban policies and public awareness are likely the major mitigation interventions. The need for life cycle assessment and circularity to assess the potential environmental impacts and resources used throughout a plastic product’s life span is emphasized. Innovations are needed to reduce, reuse, recycle, and recover plastics and find eco-friendly replacements for plastics. Empowering and educating communities and citizens to act collectively to minimize plastic pollution and use alternative options for plastics must be promoted and enforced. Plastic pollution is a global concern that must be addressed collectively with the utmost priority.

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Section: Sdg 6 (Ensure Availability and Sustainable Management Of Water And Sanitation For All)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Plastic Pollution on Ecosystem Services, Sustainable Development Goals, and Need to Focus on Circular Economy and Policy Interventions

et al. 2021

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“…[16] The economics of pyrolysis, however, is capped by product selling price and suffers from unfavorable economics under the current low crude price environment. [17] Furthermore, despite being the most studied and most mature chemical recycling technology, the high temperatures required (> 500°C) and its inherently unselective nature could limit the long-term value of pyrolysis for recycling plastic waste into a selective product. Pyrolysis is currently unable to convert plastics into various chemical intermediates without a prohibitively expensive filtering process to separate out the saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons of varying sizes into its pure components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic Lubricants Derived from Plastic Waste and their Tribological Performance

et al. 2021

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The energy efficiency, mechanical durability, and environmental compatibility of all moving machine components rely heavily on advanced lubricants for smooth and safe operation. Herein an alternative family of high-quality liquid (HQL) lubricants was derived by the catalytic conversion of pre-and post-consumer polyolefin waste. The plastic-derived lubricants performed comparably to synthetic base oils such as polyalphaolefins (PAOs), both with a wear scar volume (WSV) of 7.5 × 10 À 5 mm À 3 . HQLs also performed superior to petroleum-based lubricants such as Group III mineral oil with a WSV of 1.7 × 10 À 4 mm À 3 , showcasing a 44 % reduction in wear. Furthermore, a synergistic reduction in friction and wear was observed when combining the upcycled plastic lubricant with synthetic oils. Life cycle and techno-economic analyses also showed this process to be energetically efficient and economically feasible. This novel technology offers a cost-effective opportunity to reduce the harmful environmental impact of plastic waste on our planet and to save energy through reduction of friction and wearrelated degradations in transportation applications akin to synthetic oils.

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“…Naphthapreis verglichen, der im Jahr 2020 unter dem Niveau von 50 US-$ bbl -1 lag. Eine detaillierte Betrachtung der Investition in die Konstruktion und Betrieb einer Pyrolyseanlage mit der Kapazita ¨t von 120 000 t a -1 wurde in [19] aufgefu ¨hrt. Auch diese Analyse unterstreicht die Abha ¨ngigkeit der Wirtschaftlichkeit eines derartigen Projekts vom O ¨lbzw.…”

Section: U ¨Berblick U ¨Ber Chemische Recyclingverfahrenunclassified

Chemisches Recycling für Kunststoffe: Status und Perspektiven

Maisels

Hiller

Simon

2021

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

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Das mechanische Recycling von Kunststoffen ist seit Jahren großtechnisch etabliert, hat aber technische und ökonomische Grenzen. Durch Verfahren des chemischen Recyclings gelangt man zurück zu Monomeren oder den Rohstoffen, so dass am Ende wieder Neuware für alle Einsatzgebiete von Kunststoffen entsteht. Die Vielfalt von chemischen Recyclingverfahren ist groß. Die Kapazitäten der Anlagen sind heute noch gering und die Wirtschaftlichkeit wird stark vom Ölpreis beeinflusst. Die Rentabilitätsgrenze liegt derzeit bei einem Preis zwischen 50 und 60 US‐$ pro Barrel.

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Economic performance of pyrolysis of mixed plastic waste: Open-loop versus closed-loop recycling

Abstract: Open-loop recycling has better economic performance than closed-loop recycling.• Oil price variability and CAPEX estimation uncertainty affect the variance.

Cited by 106 publications

References 30 publications

Impacts of Plastic Pollution on Ecosystem Services, Sustainable Development Goals, and Need to Focus on Circular Economy and Policy Interventions

Impacts of Plastic Pollution on Ecosystem Services, Sustainable Development Goals, and Need to Focus on Circular Economy and Policy Interventions

Synthetic Lubricants Derived from Plastic Waste and their Tribological Performance

Chemisches Recycling für Kunststoffe: Status und Perspektiven

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