Economic rewards in the cultural upper class: The impact of social origin on income within the Norwegian field of culture

Ljunggren, Jørn

doi:10.1016/j.poetic.2016.05.003

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Recent comparative work in Europe, for instance, has uncovered growing levels of segregation at particularly worrisome levels among the most affluent residents in European cities (Tammaru et al 2016). In Oslo, growing levels of segregation are found to be primarily linked to increasing segregation by affluence rather than by poverty (Ljunggren andAndersen 2015, Wessel 2016 30 Wacquant (2018:101) suggests that this fact reflects in part urban sociologists' "romantic infatuation" with the dominated and the fact that areas of concentrated privilege pose relatively few "social problems" for city managers. 31 See also Massey (2007:192-210).…”

Section: Spatial Exclusion and Spatial Withdrawalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enduring contexts: Segregation by affluence throughout the life course

Toft

2017

The Sociological Review

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All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without permission. Cover: Hanne Baadsgaard Utigard. Print production: Reprosentralen, University of Oslo. I am indebted to my two supervisors-Marianne Nordli Hansen and Johs. Hjellbrekke-for their invaluable help over the course of these past years. Not only have they read and re-read countless drafts and provided prompt and insightful remarks, but they have also always done so in a manner that has never made me lose faith in my own project or doubt their encouragement with regard to my pursuit of sociology. In addition to having massive respect for their sociological knowledge, I find them both to be particularly inclusive and generous in their supervision. By including me in research seminars, international workshops and networks, they have invited me to partake in a larger field of like-minded sociologists. For this invitation and so much more, I am very grateful.

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Section: Spatial Exclusion and Spatial Withdrawalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enduring contexts: Segregation by affluence throughout the life course

Toft

2017

The Sociological Review

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“… 2. A number of Scandinavian researchers are an exception (see Ellersgaard, Larsen, and Munk 2013; Flemmen 2009; Hansen 2014; Hjellbrekke et al 2007; Larsen, Ellersgaard, and Bernsen 2015; Ljunggren 2016; Strømme and Hansen 2017). …”

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confidence: 99%

The Decline and Persistence of the Old Boy: Private Schools and Elite Recruitment 1897 to 2016

et al. 2017

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Abstract:We draw on 120 years of biographical data (N = 120,764) contained within Who's Who-a unique catalogue of the British elite-to explore the changing relationship between elite schools and elite recruitment. We find that the propulsive power of Britain's public schools has diminished significantly over time. This is driven in part by the wane of military and religious elites, and the rise of women in the labor force. However, the most dramatic declines followed key educational reforms that increased access to the credentials needed to access elite trajectories, while also standardizing and differentiating them. Notwithstanding these changes, public schools remain extraordinarily powerful channels of elite formation. Even today, the alumni of the nine Clarendon schools are 94 times more likely to reach the British elite than are those who attended any other school. Alumni of elite schools also retain a striking capacity to enter the elite even without passing through other prestigious institutions, such as Oxford, Cambridge, or private members clubs. Our analysis not only points to the dogged persistence of the "old boy," but also underlines the theoretical importance of reviving and refining the study of elite recruitment.

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“…Flemmen et al, 2017). Significantly, this work highlights the particular long-term advantages that flow from economically upper-class origins (Flemmen, 2009; Korom et al, 2017), even within cultural fields (Ljunggren, 2016).…”

Section: The Specificity Of Economic Privilegementioning

confidence: 85%

“…Such a class-origin pay gap has now been documented in a range of national contexts, including Britain, the USA, France, Norway, Sweden and Australia (Falcon and Bataille, 2018; Friedman and Laurison, 2019; Hansen, 2001b; Hällsten, 2013; Mastekaasa, 2011; Torche, 2011). While some studies attribute this inequality to fine-grained differences in educational attainment (Hällsten, 2013; Torche, 2018) other studies find that class pay gaps remain substantial even after adjusting for class-origin differences in education, demographics, work location, occupational sorting and supposedly ‘meritocratic’ measures of ‘human capital’ such as experience, training and hours worked (Falcon and Bataille, 2018; Friedman and Laurison, 2019; Hansen, 2001a, 2001b; Ljunggren, 2016). These studies not only demonstrate how standard approaches to mobility tend to obscure the stickiness of class origin but they also reveal a powerful and previously unobserved axis of inequality.…”

Section: Pinpointing the Class Ceilingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family Wealth and the Class Ceiling: The Propulsive Power of The Bank of Mum and Dad

Toft

Friedman

2020

Sociology

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In this article we demonstrate that those from working-class backgrounds face a powerful ‘class ceiling’ in elite occupations. Examining how class origin shapes economic returns in the Norwegian upper class (3.8% of the population), we first find that the income advantage enjoyed by those from privileged backgrounds increases sharply as they ascend the income distribution in both elite business and cultural fields. Second, we show that those from economically upper-class backgrounds enjoy the highest pay advantage in all upper-class destinations. Finally, we demonstrate the profound propulsive power provided by parental wealth. Our results indicate that this is the most important single driver of the class-origin income gap in virtually every area of the Norwegian upper class. These findings move forward an emerging literature on class-origin pay gaps beyond mean estimates to reveal the distinct ‘pay-off’ to class privilege in the very highest income-earning positions.

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Economic rewards in the cultural upper class: The impact of social origin on income within the Norwegian field of culture

Cited by 12 publications

References 38 publications

Enduring contexts: Segregation by affluence throughout the life course

Enduring contexts: Segregation by affluence throughout the life course

The Decline and Persistence of the Old Boy: Private Schools and Elite Recruitment 1897 to 2016

Family Wealth and the Class Ceiling: The Propulsive Power of The Bank of Mum and Dad

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