Economical and high throughput synthesis of copper nanopowder using continuous stirred tank and tubular flow reactors

Chatterjee, Swarnendu; Maji, Nitai Chandra; Shaik, Aabid Hussain; Chakraborty, Jayanta

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2016.06.081

Cited by 19 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Hydrazine is a widely used reducing agent to form copper nanostructures. , Concentration of hydrazine and ratio of copper to hydrazine is a crucial factor in determining the quality of CuNW. Hence, the hydrazine concentration was varied from 2 mM (stoichiometric amount) to 15 mM to understand the effect of the concentration of hydrazine on the synthesis of CuNW.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gram-Scale Green Synthesis of Copper Nanowire Powder for Nanofluid Applications

Maji

Chakraborty

2019

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Copper nanowire is a promising new filler for nanofluids for cooling applications. Elongated one-dimensional nanostructures such as nanowires provide a percolated network for fast conduction of heat in the low conducting fluid. In this study, copper nanowires have been synthesized in gram-scale via wet chemical reduction with ethylenediaminemediated anisotropic growth. In similar existing protocols, around 2.4 kg of NaOH is discharged per gram of Cu nanowires, whereas, in the present method, unreacted reactants have been successfully recycled for subsequent batches after precise quantification by a combination of titration, spectroscopy, and chromatography. Such green synthesis (zero discharge) of copper nanowires in powder form has been reported for the first time. The improved method also reduces the cost of production substantially. Extensive characterization of the product has been carried out using field emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis to ensure the quality of the material. The effect of different reaction conditions on product quality has also been studied. Finally, copper nanowire powder was dispersed in ethylene glycol to prepare nanofluids that show a significant enhancement (20%) in thermal conductivity at low loading (0.15 vol %).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gram-Scale Green Synthesis of Copper Nanowire Powder for Nanofluid Applications

Maji

Chakraborty

2019

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…A variety of researchers have suggested cost-effective methods for manufacturing nanomaterials, but most of the techniques yield very small quantities [122,123]. Investigations performed by Maji et al [124] and Chatterjee et al [125] have suggested inexpensive and large-scale preparation methods for copper nanopowder. With the implementation of these techniques, the cost of nanofluids can be minimized, thereby reducing the total expenses.…”

Section: Economic Analysis Of 2d Nanomaterial-based Heatmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Environmental and Economic Impact of 2D Nanomaterials‐Based Heat Transfer Fluids

Shaik

Goyal

et al. 2022

Journal of Nanomaterials

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2D nanomaterials-based heat transfer fluids show excellent thermal properties due to their large specific surface area; hence, they find large-scale applications in automobile industries and cooling processes. Therefore, it is very essential to study the environmental and economic aspects of these 2D nanomaterial-based nanofluids. In this review, we have discussed the environmental impact of 2D nanomaterial-based heat transfer nanofluids under various conditions. The environmental impact analysis of these materials has shown excellent capability in reducing the energy consumption for heat transfer operations. Moreover, the possibility of nanomaterials and base fluid recovery makes it a sustainable alternative. In addition, health risk assessment on humans, cytotoxicity, and life cycle analysis have also been explored. The price-performance index has been successfully used to study the economic impact of 2D nanomaterial-based heat transfer fluids. The overall economic impact of 2D nanomaterial-based heat transfer nanofluids provides an optimistic perspective over conventional heat transfer fluids. Moreover, graphene production, market trend, and commercialization obstacles were also discussed.

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“…For commercial-scale production of nanomaterials, batch processes are not desired as it is difficult to maintain uniform quality of the product. This necessitates the need for a continuous process as it facilitates precise particle size control, , good reproducibility, and supports process automation. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous Synthesis and Separation of Silver Nanoparticles Using an Aqueous Two-Phase System

Gande,

Savitha,

Pushpavanam

2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Continuous synthesis of metal nanoparticles enables good control on quality and supports process automation. In this work, we have used a biocompatible aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) for the continuous synthesis of nanoparticles. We propose the use of a milli-channel to lower the capillary number. This ensures the dominance of interfacial forces and the system exhibits segmented flow in ATPS. The chaotic advection-based mixing within each slug is exploited for nanoparticle synthesis. Herein, we report for the first time the continuous synthesis and separation of silver nanoparticles using ATPS formed by polyethylene glycol 6000 and tri-sodium citrate. The phase separation in ATPS was explored for nanoparticle trapping at the interface. We investigated six different operating procedures based on the occurrence of mass transfer (ATPS formation) after, during, and before the reaction (synthesis) in both batch and continuous modes of synthesis. We believe the dominance of Van der Waals force over convective force is responsible for nanoparticle trapping at the interface. The physico-chemical properties of the nanoparticle obtained from different synthesis modes were characterized using localized surface plasma resonance and electron microscopy. The continuous mode of operation resulted in the shape-controlled synthesis of a nanoparticle compared to the batch process. The use of two-phase flow in the continuous mode eliminated the additional downstream step for particle separation. This has the potential for high-throughput nanoparticle production at the commercial scale.

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Economical and high throughput synthesis of copper nanopowder using continuous stirred tank and tubular flow reactors

Cited by 19 publications

References 30 publications

Gram-Scale Green Synthesis of Copper Nanowire Powder for Nanofluid Applications

Gram-Scale Green Synthesis of Copper Nanowire Powder for Nanofluid Applications

A Review on Environmental and Economic Impact of 2D Nanomaterials‐Based Heat Transfer Fluids

Continuous Synthesis and Separation of Silver Nanoparticles Using an Aqueous Two-Phase System

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