Economics and Institutional Aspects of Protected Cultivation of Carnation in Himachal Pradesh

Abstract

This paper examines the role of different institutions in promotion of protected cultivation and the benefits realized by the farmers in Solan district of Himachal Pradesh. The area under protected cultivation promoted by National Horticulture Mission, has been found nearly 1.5 lakh ha, of which 20 per cent is under greenhouse. The export-oriented carnation cultivation has been observed most profitable visa -vis domestic market oriented and diversified pattern of production. The study has shown that the cost of protected cultivation can be recovered in 3-5 years, depending upon the crops grown. The IRR varies from 31 per cent for carnation with capsicum to 73 per cent when only carnation is grown. The sensitivity analysis with respect to subsidy has shown that protected cultivation is sustainable even without subsidy for its cultivation. The protected cultivation has made a significant impact on the farm households in the hilly region. However, further expansion of protected cultivation will depend on the effectiveness of supporting institutions and market structure.

Protected Cultivation of Horticultural Crops as a Livelihood Opportunity in Western India: An Economic Assessment

“…The payback period for polyhouse production of different crops is estimated to be 1.48 to 2.34 years with subsidies, and 2.51 to 4.04 years without subsidies for a 0.1 ha area. Similar results were reported by Punera [18], which indicated that the investment can be recovered within 5 years depending upon the crops grown in the polyhouse. Additionally, the internal rate of returns varies from 31% for carnation with capsicum to 73% for carnation.…”

“…Among the variable costs, the human labour share to the total cost of cultivation was high for rose (35%), followed by carnation (33%), gerbera (31%) and capsicum (27%). Results were observed by Punera [18]; Sudhagar [43] reported that the planting materials and human labour cost were the major investments. Further, it was observed that the total yield obtained from the polyhouse was INR LAKH 2.22, 2.07 and 2.00 in numbers of gerbera, carnation and rose, respectively, whereas 11,325 kgs of capsicum fruit yield was obtained.…”

“…The productivity obtained under protected cultivation was three to five times higher than open methods of cultivation depending on the crops [16,17]. Further, it was revealed that in vegetables and flowers, the protected cultivation was a very lucrative venture [11,18]. Nevertheless, results of the study showed that the incentive schemes, such as subsidies, has to provide to boost maximum farmers to embrace protected cultivation, and finance and marketing support has to be extended to aid in better quality input supply and to realize maximum earnings for farm produce [19].…”

A Review on Protected Cultivation of Vegetables: Opportunities and Challenges

“…According to the worldwide scenario, there are roughly 623.30 thousand hectares under protected agriculture, compared to the world's total gross vegetable output area of 402.98 thousand hectares. According to Punera et al [7], the National Horticulture Mission's protected cultivation programme was reported to have about 1.5 lakh acres of land in Himachal Pradesh, India, in the 2014-15 growing season. According to Sabir and Singh [8], there were around 25,000 ha of protected farming in India in 2012-13, compared to 2000 ha for greenhouse vegetables.…”

Economic of Green House Rose Production in Krishnagiri District, India

“…The sale proceeds were Rs.1095000 per year and net return as Rs.633797.35. In previous studies economic analysis of production and marketing of selected cut flowers grown under small sized Green house in Pune District [7,8], Himachal Pradesh [9,10], Haryana [11] were discussed. Jitendra [12] studied the comparative economic analysis of high tech and field rose cultivation around Bangalore city.…”