Economics of Urban Highway Congestion and Pricing

McDonald, John F.; d’Ouville, Edmond L.; Liu, Louie Nan

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-5231-4

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…The form of such travel time functions implies the existence of a stationary traffic equilibrium regime and steadystate volume-delay relationships. Several studies have challenged the use of these functions because of the need to account for the non-monotonicity of travel time with traffic flow (McDonald et al, 1999) and showed the intrinsic inconsistency, infeasibility and instability of static models of congestion (Verhoef, 1999(Verhoef, , 2001(Verhoef, , 2005. As more recent studies have pointed out, plots between pertinent traffic variables (flow, speed, delay) on a spatially disaggregated (link) level are not in steady state, but are actually in highly-scattered conditions and do not follow a well-defined curve.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

City size, network structure and traffic congestion

Tsekeris

Geroliminis

2013

Journal of Urban Economics

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Keywords: City size Land use Transport network Traffic congestion dynamics Macroscopic fundamental diagram a b s t r a c t This paper presents an alternative approach for analyzing the relationship between land use and traffic congestion by employing the Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD). The MFD is an empirically observed relationship between traffic flow and traffic density at the level of an urban region, including hypercongestion, where flow decreases as density increases. This approach is consistent with the physics of traffic and allows the parsimonious modeling of intra-day traffic dynamics and their connection with city size, land use and network characteristics. The MFD can accurately measure the inefficiency of land and network resource allocation due to hypercongestion, in contrast with existing models of congestion. The findings reinforce the 'compact city' hypothesis, by favoring a larger mixed-use core area with greater zone width, block density and number of lanes, compared to the peripheral area. They also suggest a new set of policies, including the optimization of perimeter controls and the fraction of land for transport, which constitute robust second-best optimal strategies that can further reduce congestion externalities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

City size, network structure and traffic congestion

Tsekeris

Geroliminis

2013

Journal of Urban Economics

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“…Equivalently, tolls based on the difference between marginal and average travel times might be used to induce drivers to shift to routes corresponding closer to a societal optimal. This theory has been well known since Beckmann et al (1956); see Small (1992) and McDonald et al (1999) for recent findings and syntheses of the road pricing literature. The objective of this paper is to seek answers to questions related to the magnitude and distribution of these travel time savings in a large, congested urban road network.…”

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confidence: 99%

User-Optimal and System-Optimal Route Choices for a Large Road Network

Boyce

Xiong²

2004

Review of Network Economics

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Solutions to the route choice problem for assumptions of user-optimality and system-optimality are presented for the road network of the Chicago region. Regionwide results show a 5% decrease in total travel time would be achieved during the morning peak period, if a system-optimal solution based on travel times were implemented. Among the costs of this solution is a 1.5% increase in vehicle-miles travelled. Findings for differences in link flows and individual origin-destination pairs complete the paper. IntroductionRoad pricing theory and analysis suggest that savings in travel time and related resources could be achieved if drivers were directed to travel along minimum marginal time routes. Equivalently, tolls based on the difference between marginal and average travel times might be used to induce drivers to shift to routes corresponding closer to a societal optimal. This theory has been well known since Beckmann et al. (1956); see Small (1992) and McDonald et al. (1999) for recent findings and syntheses of the road pricing literature. The objective of this paper is to seek answers to questions related to the magnitude and distribution of these travel time savings in a large, congested urban road network. Obtaining such answers depends upon a capability to determine the route choices under two alternative criteria suggested by Wardrop (1952) and Beckmann et al. (1956):• Drivers individually choose to follow their shortest time routes from their origins to destinations, leading to the situation that all used routes have equal travel time and no unused route has a lower travel time. Such a route pattern is called useroptimal or user-equilibrium, since it corresponds to a Nash equilibrium.

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“…We anticipated the coefficient of peripherality to be negative since it is supposed to proxy economic distance from the "production core". A possible explanation for this apparently counterintuitive result is the existence of some sort of congestion effect typically found in transportation research (McDonald et al 1999). The increased diversification of economic activities and the rapid development of new technologies have reduced the role of location as a determinant of economic growth.…”

Section: Empirical Evidencementioning

confidence: 96%

Specialization, R&D and productivity growth: evidence from EU regions

2011

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The present paper analyzes the effect of regional specialization and R&D expenditures on labor productivity growth. Following Fingleton [Environ Plan 32:1481-1498 2000], we assume positive externalities in labor productivity growth and technological spillovers depend on interregional distances and economy size. Regional specialization and R&D expenditures are assumed to enhance growth by affecting the level of technology. Although it may seem natural that specialization and R&D expenditures can convey great advantages on economic growth, evidence varies across sectors. We conduct an empirical analysis for two economic sectors and the economy as a whole. Recently developed spatial econometric methods are adopted to control for potential heteroscedasticity in the growth equation. JEL Classification

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Economics of Urban Highway Congestion and Pricing

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

City size, network structure and traffic congestion

City size, network structure and traffic congestion

User-Optimal and System-Optimal Route Choices for a Large Road Network

Specialization, R&D and productivity growth: evidence from EU regions

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