Ecophysiological Effects of Atmospheric Pollutants

Lendzian, Klaus J.; Unsworth, M. H.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-68156-1_15

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 192 publications

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“…Since then, the responses of plants to pollution have been explored from the molecular to the community levels (Kozlowski 1980;Treshow and Anderson 1989;Sandermann 2004;Dobbertin 2005;DalCorso et al 2008). Numerous books and review papers (Thomas 1951;Scurfield 1960aScurfield , 1960bMudd and Kozlowski 1975;Kozlowski 1980;Smith 1981;Lendzian and Unsworth 1983;Treshow and Anderson 1989;Iqbal et al 2005) may create an impression that this research field is nearly exhausted. However, only a few generalisations concerning plant growth and reproduction have been made based on extensive monitoring programs and numerous experiments with industrial contaminants (Odum 1985;Rapport et al 1985;Freedman 1989;Genoni 1997;Clements and Newman 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Growth and reproduction of vascular plants in polluted environments: a synthesis of existing knowledge

2010

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Identification of factors explaining diversity in plant responses to industrial pollution is crucial for predicting fates of polluted ecosystems. Meta-analysis based on 203 publications demonstrated that plants growing near point polluters showed similar decreases in characters reflecting growth (-13.1%) and reproduction processes (-8.5%). In herbaceous plants, root growth was reduced, while aboveground biomass did not change, because the decrease in leaf size was compensated by an increase in leaf number. In contrast, woody plants demonstrated no changes in allometry and their growth was reduced to a greater extent than growth of herbaceous plants. Raunkiaer's classification of life forms appeared the best predictor of species' responses to pollution. Within woody plants, trees and shrubs, but not dwarf shrubs, showed strong decreases in growth and reproduction. Within herbaceous plants, significant growth reduction was observed only in annuals. Longevity of foliage or plant phylogeny did not explain variation in species' responses. Adverse effects of pollution were stronger in regions with higher temperature and precipitation, hinting that existing pollution loads may become more harmful for plants as climate changes. Relatively minor explanatory value of the characteristics of individual polluters removes one of the principal obstacles to accounting for the effects of pollution in vegetation models and allows extrapolation of the effects observed near point polluters to both regional and global scales. We conclude that losses in productivity of plant communities due to aerial pollution can be approximately estimated on the basis of the life form spectra and climate.Résumé : L'identification des facteurs expliquant la diversité des réactions des plantes envers la pollution industrielle représente un enjeu critique pour prédire le devenir des écosystèmes pollués. Une méta-analyse portant sur 203 publications démontre que les plantes poussant près de pollutions ponctuelles montrent des diminutions similaires pour des données reflétant la croissance (-13.1 %) et les processus de reproduction (-8.5 %). Chez les plantes herbacées, on observe une diminution de la croissance racinaire, alors que la biomasse épigée ne change pas, parce que l'augmentation du nombre de feuilles compense la dimension de leur surface. Au contraire, les plantes ligneuses ne démontrent aucun changement dans l'allélométrie et leur croissance montre une plus forte diminution que les plantes herbacées. La classification des formes de vie des plantes semble constituer le meilleur moyen pour prédire les réactions des plantes à la pollution. Chez les plantes ligneuses, seuls les arbres et les arbustes, mais pas les arbustes nains, montrent de fortes diminutions de croissance et de reproduction. Chez les plantes herbacées, l'on observe de fortes diminutions de croissance seulement chez les plantes annuelles. La longévité du feuillage et la phylogénie végétale n'expliquent pas la variation dans les réactions des espèces. Les effets de la pollution s...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Growth and reproduction of vascular plants in polluted environments: a synthesis of existing knowledge

2010

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“…The accumulation of such modified proteins can change redox status, light‐dark regulation and productivity of chloroplast metabolism. Therefore, prolonged exposure of plants to SO 2 causes severe reduction in plant growth, changes plant morphology, and can end up in premature abscission of leaves or even cell and plant death (Lendzian & Unsworth 1983; Malhotra & Khan 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfite oxidase controls sulfur metabolism under SO₂ exposure in Arabidopsis thaliana

Randewig

Hamisch

Herschbach

et al. 2011

Plant Cell & Environment

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In the present study, the significance of sulfite oxidase (SO) for sulfite detoxification and sulfur assimilation was investigated. In response to sulfur dioxide (SO2) exposure, a remarkable expansion of sulfate and a significant increase of GSH pool were observed in wild-type and SO-overexpressing Arabidopsis. These metabolic changes were connected with a negative feedback inhibition of adenosine 5Ј-phosphosulfate reductase (APR), but no alterations in gas exchange parameters or visible symptoms of injury. However, Arabidopsis SO-KO mutants were consistently negatively affected upon 600 nL L -1 SO2 exposure for 60 h and showed phenotypical symptoms of injury with small necrotic spots on the leaves. The mean g H O 2 ( ) was reduced by about 60% over the fumigation period, accompanied by a reduction of net CO2 assimilation and SO2 uptake of about 50 and 35%. Moreover, sulfur metabolism was completely distorted. Whereas sulfate pool was kept constant, thiol-levels strongly increased. This demonstrates that SO should be the only protagonist for back-oxidizing and detoxification of sulfite. Based on these results, it is suggested that co-regulation of SO and APR controls sulfate assimilation pathway and stabilizes sulfite distribution into organic sulfur compounds. In conclusion, a sulfate-sulfite cycle driven by APR and SO can be postulated for fine-tuning of sulfur distribution that is additionally used for sulfite detoxification, when plants are exposed to atmospheric SO2.

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“…However, wide inter-specific and intra-specific variation iti susceptibility has been observed (Taylor, 1978;Ayazloo & Bell, 1981;Alscher, Bower & Zipfel, 1987). Prolonged exposure ol plants to SOj can result in a decrease in biomass production, changes in plant morphology and premature abscission of leaves (Lendzian & Unsworth, 1983;Malhotra & Khan, 1984). The phytotoxicity strongly depends on the environtiiental conditions, the SO._, concentration and the duration of the exposure, and is influenced by the sulphur status of the plant (Bell, 1980;McLaughlin & Taylor, 1981;De Kok, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uptake and metabolism of sulphur dioxide by Arabidopsis thaliana

et al. 1997

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SUMMARY Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. was exposed to various concentrations of SO2 during almost the entire life cycle. No negative effects of SO2 on shoot biomass production were observed. There was a linear relation between the deposition of SO2 and the atmospheric SO2 concentration. Sulphur accumulated substantially in the shoots upon SO2 exposure. SO2 was either oxidized to sulphate or converted into extra organic sulphur compounds in a sulphate to organic sulphur ratio of 3:1, independently of the atmospheric SO2 concentration. Exposure to SO2resulted in an increase in water soluble non‐protein sulphydryl content and a slight increase in the amount of glucosinolates, but both of these play a minor role as sinks for the excess sulphur. The ratio of total nitrogen to total sulphur decreased upon SO2, exposure as a result of the increased sulphate content. The organic nitrogen to organic sulphur ratio did not change upon SO2 exposure, indicating no changes in the composition of sulphur‐containing compounds.

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Ecophysiological Effects of Atmospheric Pollutants

Cited by 14 publications

References 192 publications

Growth and reproduction of vascular plants in polluted environments: a synthesis of existing knowledge

Growth and reproduction of vascular plants in polluted environments: a synthesis of existing knowledge

Sulfite oxidase controls sulfur metabolism under SO₂ exposure in Arabidopsis thaliana

Uptake and metabolism of sulphur dioxide by Arabidopsis thaliana

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Ecophysiological Effects of Atmospheric Pollutants

Cited by 14 publications

References 192 publications

Growth and reproduction of vascular plants in polluted environments: a synthesis of existing knowledge

Growth and reproduction of vascular plants in polluted environments: a synthesis of existing knowledge

Sulfite oxidase controls sulfur metabolism under SO2 exposure in Arabidopsis thaliana

Uptake and metabolism of sulphur dioxide by Arabidopsis thaliana

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Sulfite oxidase controls sulfur metabolism under SO₂ exposure in Arabidopsis thaliana