Ecophysiology of deciduous trees native to Northeast Asia grown under FACE (Free Air CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Enrichment)

Koike, Takao; Watanabe, Makoto; Watanabe, Yoko; Agathokleous, Evgenios; Eguchi, Norikazu; Takagi, Kentaro; Satoh, Fuyuki; Kitaoka, Shôzaburô; Funada, Ryo

doi:10.2480/agrmet.d-14-00020

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…For nearly 30 years, the effects of elevated [CO 2 ] and more recently [O 3 ] on plant productivity have been experimentally studied at Free Air CO 2 Enrichment (FACE) facilities (Koike et al . ; Kimball ; Norby et al . ).…”

Section: Response Of Plant Productivity To Future [Co2] and [O3]mentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of rising tropospheric carbon dioxide and ozone on plant productivity

2019

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Human activities result in a wide array of pollutants being released to the atmosphere. A number of these pollutants have direct effects on plants, including carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), which is the substrate for photosynthesis, and ozone (O 3 ), a damaging oxidant. How plants respond to changes in these atmospheric air pollutants, both directly and indirectly, feeds back on atmospheric composition and climate, global net primary productivity and ecosystem service provisioning. Here we discuss the past, current and future trends in emissions of CO 2 and O 3 and synthesise the current atmospheric CO 2 and O 3 budgets, describing the important role of vegetation in determining the atmospheric burden of those pollutants. While increased atmospheric CO 2 concentration over the past 150 years has been accompanied by greater CO 2 assimilation and storage in terrestrial ecosystems, there is evidence that rising temperatures and increased drought stress may limit the ability of future terrestrial ecosystems to buffer against atmospheric emissions. Long-term Free Air CO 2 or O 3 Enrichment (FACE) experiments provide critical experimentation about the effects of future CO 2 and O 3 on ecosystems, and highlight the important interactive effects of temperature, nutrients and water supply in determining ecosystem responses to air pollution. Long-term experimentation in both natural and cropping systems is needed to provide critical empirical data for modelling the effects of air pollutants on plant productivity in the decades to come.

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Section: Response Of Plant Productivity To Future [Co2] and [O3]mentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of rising tropospheric carbon dioxide and ozone on plant productivity

2019

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“…Scaling up from the laboratory to the field with FACE technologies will be crucial to the understanding of plant responses to elevated O 3 and CO 2 [31]. Yet free-air exposure experiments with combinations of elevated CO 2 and O 3 [33] and with elevated O 3 only [17,34,35] are fewer than those performed in free air CO 2 experiments [36][37][38][39], especially in Asia [40]. In Japan, free-air CO 2 and O 3 exposure experiments have been conducted under field conditions [41][42][43][44].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Combined CO2 and O3 Exposures on Net CO2 Assimilation and Biomass Allocation in Seedlings of the Late-Successional Fagus Crenata

Tobita

Komatsu

Harayama

et al. 2019

Climate

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We examined the effects of elevated CO2 and elevated O3 concentrations on net CO2 assimilation and growth of Fagus crenata in a screen-aided free-air concentration-enrichment (FACE) system. Seedlings were exposed to ambient air (control), elevated CO2 (550 µmol mol−1 CO2, +CO2), elevated O3 (double the control, +O3), and the combination of elevated CO2 and O3 (+CO2+O3) for two growing seasons. The responses in light-saturated net CO2 assimilation rates per leaf area (Agrowth-CO2) at each ambient CO2 concentration to the elevated CO2 and/or O3 treatments varied widely with leaf age. In older leaves, Agrowth-CO2 was lower in the presence of +O3 than in untreated controls, but +CO2+O3 treatment had no effect on Agrowth-CO2 compared with the +CO2 treatment. Total plant biomass increased under conditions of elevated CO2 and was largest in the +CO2+O3 treatment. Biomass allocation to roots decreased with elevated CO2 and with elevated O3. Elongation of second-flush shoots also increased in the presence of elevated CO2 and was largest in the +CO2+O3 treatment. Collectively, these results suggest that conditions of elevated CO2 and O3 contribute to enhanced plant growth; reflecting changes in biomass allocation and mitigation of the negative impacts of O3 on net CO2 assimilation.

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“…Changes due to elevated CO 2 in leaf gas exchange, as measured by parameters such as A sat and g s , and in biomass allocation, measured by (for instance) the total leaf area, are believed to affect the formation of water-conducting cells (e.g. Tyree and Alexander 1993;Koike et al 2015). If g s decreases without any increase in total leaf area under elevated CO 2 concentrations, we expect a decrease in the size of water-conducting cells so as to maintain the hydraulic balance within the tree.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of tree growth and wood structure of Larix kaempferi, Kalopanax septemlobus and Betula platyphylla saplings to elevated CO2 concentration for 5 years exposure in a FACE system

Watanabe

Wakabayashi

Kitaoka

et al. 2016

Trees

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Elevated CO (2) concentration affected biomass partitioning in above-ground biomass, but size and number of water-conducting cells were unchanged in Larix kaempferi, Kalopanax septemlobus and Betula platyphylla. Using a Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) system, we studied the effect of elevated CO2 on the growth, leaf gas exchange and xylem anatomy of a conifer, Larix kaempferi, and two angiospermous tree species, Kalopanax septemlobus and Betula platyphylla. Two-year-old seedlings were grown at control sites (ambient; 370 ppm) and FACE sites (elevated; 500 ppm) for 5 years. We measured the lumen area and number of water-conducting cells, as well as biomass and leaf gas exchange, and visualized the functional region of water transport using a dye injection experiment. Elevated CO2 did not induce any significant changes in growth or in leaf gas exchange or lumen area of earlywood tracheids in L. kaempferi relative to ambient CO2. In two other tree species, elevated CO2 was found to enhance tree height and total leaf area (LA), with no change in stomatal conductance. In K. septemlobus, there were no changes in lumen area or number of earlywood vessels, or in the functional region of water transport. B. platyphylla also underwent no changes in lumen area or number of vessels, although there was a yearly variation in the size of the vessels. Our results show that 5 years of CO2 exposure did not notably affect the anatomical features of water-conducting cells. This finding suggests that, under elevated CO2, trees respond to changes in water balance due to changes in LA by extending the hydraulically active area of xylem

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Ecophysiology of deciduous trees native to Northeast Asia grown under FACE (Free Air CO<sub>2</sub> Enrichment)

Cited by 29 publications

References 92 publications

The influence of rising tropospheric carbon dioxide and ozone on plant productivity

The influence of rising tropospheric carbon dioxide and ozone on plant productivity

Effects of Combined CO2 and O3 Exposures on Net CO2 Assimilation and Biomass Allocation in Seedlings of the Late-Successional Fagus Crenata

Response of tree growth and wood structure of Larix kaempferi, Kalopanax septemlobus and Betula platyphylla saplings to elevated CO2 concentration for 5 years exposure in a FACE system

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