Ecosystem Decay of Amazonian Forest Fragments: a 22‐Year Investigation

Laurance, William F.; Lovejoy, Thomas Ε.; Vasconcelos, Heraldo L.; Bruna, Emilio M.; Didham, Raphaël K.; Stouffer, Philip C.; Gascon, Claude; Bierregaard, Richard O.; Laurance, Susan G.; Sampaio, Erica M.

doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.01025.x

Cited by 1,467 publications

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References 101 publications

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“…This conclusion is supported by other studies, which have shown that edge effects may be intensified by recurrent disturbances such as wildfires (Laurance et al 2002). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Edge effects constitute an additional negative ecological consequence of forest fragmentation, which involves physical and biological changes in the forest, resulting from the abrupt transition between the forest and the surrounding matrix (Kapos 1989, Williams-Linera 1990, Benitez-Malvido 1998, Laurance et al 2002, Laurance 2008, Laurance & Vasconcelos 2009.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Edge effects and the impact of wildfires on populations of small non-volant mammals in the forest-savanna transition zone in Southern Amazonia

et al. 2012

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Abstract:The impact of fire and edge effects on the community of small non-volant mammals was investigated in transitional Amazon forest within a matrix of soybean plantations. The animals were live trapped on 24 line transects, of which 16 were distributed in unburned areas and 8 in a burned area. A total of 11 species was recorded, including six rodents and five marsupials. The abundance and richness of small mammals appeared to decrease in burned areas, although this impact appeared to mask edge effects. In the absence of fire impacts, a positive relationship was found between mammal abundance and the distance from the forest edge. The impact of the edge effect on the diversity of small mammals appears to be influenced by the type of anthropogenic matrix and the ecological characteristics of the different species. Keywords: Cricetidae, Didelphidae, diversity, soybean matrix, experimental fire.MENDES-OLIVEIRA, A.C., SANTOS, P.G.P., CARVALHO-JÚNIOR, O., MONTAG, L.F.A., LIMA, R.C.S., MARIA, S.L.S. & ROSSI, R.V. Efeito de borda e do fogo sobre pequenos mamíferos não-voadores (Rodentia e Didelphimorphia) em uma zona de transição Floresta-Cerrado ao sul da Amazônia. Biota Neotrop. 12(3): http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v12n3/pt/abstract?article+bn00912032012Resumo: O efeito de borda e do fogo sobre a comunidade de pequenos mamíferos não-voadores foi investigada em uma área de transição entre Cerrado e Floresta em uma área de matriz de soja na Amazônia Oriental. Os indivíduos foram coletados em 24 transectos, dos quais 16 foram distribuídos em área sem efeito do fogo e oito distribuídos com efeito do fogo. Um total de 11 espécies foi registrado, incluindo seis roedores e cinco marsupiais. A espécie Hylaeamys megacephalus foi a mais abundante em áreas sem efeito do fogo. A abundância e riqueza de pequenos mamíferos não-voadores apresentaram uma diminuição em áreas queimadas, entretanto o efeito do fogo parece mascarar o efeito de borda nestas mesmas áreas. Em relação ao efeito de borda, sem nenhum efeito de fogo, a relação entre a abundância de pequenos mamíferos não-voadores com a distância da borda foi positiva. A relação entre a diversidade de pequenos mamíferos e efeito de borda pode ser ligada à vegetação matriz e características ecológicas de cada espécie. Palavras-chave: Cricetidae, Didelphidae, diversidade, sojicultura, fogo experimental. 58Mendes-Oliveira, A.C. et al.

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“…This conclusion is supported by other studies, which have shown that edge effects may be intensified by recurrent disturbances such as wildfires (Laurance et al 2002). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Edge effects and the impact of wildfires on populations of small non-volant mammals in the forest-savanna transition zone in Southern Amazonia

et al. 2012

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“…and A. saopaulensis have heteroxenic life cycles, in which parasites complete their biological cycle by trophic transmission, requiring an invertebrate as an intermediate host (Anderson, 2000;Kennedy, 2006). The importance of parasites as indicators of environmental quality has been shown in some studies (Gibb and Hochuli, 2002;Laurance et al, 2002;Hamann et al, 2006;McKenzie, 2007) and only richness is not a decisive indicator of environmental conditions (Aho, 1990). The component community and the biology of helminths allow the understanding of the dynamics among parasites, hosts and environment (Poulin, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context of habitat fragmentation, parasites and predators are some of the first species to be affected by habitat fragmentation, mainly in relation to their distribution and abundance (Gibb and Hochuli, 2002;Laurance et al, 2002); however, the knowledge of those the dynamics of these changes is not well poorly known understood (McCallum and Dobson, 2002). According to McCallum and Dobson (1995), the parasites, like their hosts, also have great ecological importance and contribute to the maintenance of diversity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this case, it is expected that parasites with monoxenic life cycles are more prevalent. On the other hand, in preserved environments, with high biodiversity, the parasites with heteroxenic life cycles parasite species can be biologically successful because of the presence of hosts that are necessary for their life cycle (Gibb and Hochuli, 2002;Laurance et al, 2002;McKenzie, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Helminth parasite communities of two Physalaemus cuvieri Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Leiuperidae) populations under different conditions of habitat integrity in the Atlantic Rain Forest of Brazil

et al. 2015

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Adults of Physalaemus cuvieri were collected and necropsied between November 2009 and January 2010. This was carried out in order to report and compare the helminth fauna associated with two populations of this anuran species from the Brazilian Atlantic rain forest under different conditions of habitat integrity. The hosts from the disturbed area were parasitized with five helminth taxa: Cosmocerca parva, Aplectana sp., Physaloptera sp., Rhabdias sp., Oswaldocruzia subauricularis (Nematoda) and Polystoma cuvieri (Monogenea) while those from the preserved area had four helminth taxa: C. parva, Aplectana sp., Physaloptera sp., Rhabdias sp., and Acanthocephalus saopaulensis (Acanthocephala). Prevalence, mean intensity of infection, mean abundance, mean richness, importance index and dominance frequency of helminth component communities were similar in both areas. The helminth community associated with anurans from the disturbed area had higher diversity than that from the preserved area. This study is the first to report on the acanthocephalan parasites of Ph. cuvieri, and the similarity between helminth fauna composition of two host populations under different selective pressures.Keywords: amphibian, Atlantic Rain Forest, component community, helminth fauna, parasites. Comunidade de helmintos parasitos de duas populações dePhysalaemus cuvieri Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Leiuperidae) sob diferentes condições de integridade de habitat da Mata Atlântica, Brasil ResumoAdultos de Physalaemus cuvieri foram coletados e necropsiados entre Novembro de 2009 e Janeiro de 2010. Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de informar e comparar a helmintofauna associada a duas populações desta espécie de anuro proveniente da Mata Atlântica sob duas condições de integridade de hábitat. Os hospedeiros da área perturbada estavam parasitados por cinco taxa de helmintos: Cosmocerca parva, Aplectana sp., Physaloptera sp., Rhabdias sp., Oswaldocruzia subauricularis (Nematoda) e Polystoma cuvieri (Monogenea), enquanto aqueles da área preservada apresentaram quatro taxa de helmintos: C. parva, Aplectana sp., Physaloptera sp., Rhabdias sp., e Acanthocephalus saopaulensis (Acanthocephala). Prevalência, intensidade média de infecção, abundância média, riqueza média, índice de importância específica e freqüência de dominância da comunidade componente dos helmintos foram similares em ambas as áreas. A comunidade helmíntica associada aos anuros da área perturbada apresentou-se mais diversa do que a encontrada naqueles da área preservada. Este estudo é o primeiro a relatar parasitas acantocéfalos em Ph. cuvieri, e a semelhança entre a composição da helmintofauna de duas populações hospedeiras sob diferentes pressões seletivas.Palavras-chave: anfíbios, Mata Atlântica, comunidade componente, helminto fauna, parasitas.

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Global change effects on humid tropical forests: Evidence for biogeochemical and biodiversity shifts at an ecosystem scale

Cusack

Karpman

Ashdown

et al. 2016

Reviews of Geophysics

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Government and international agencies have highlighted the need to focus global change research efforts on tropical ecosystems. However, no recent comprehensive review exists synthesizing humid tropical forest responses across global change factors, including warming, decreased precipitation, carbon dioxide fertilization, nitrogen deposition, and land use/land cover changes. This paper assesses research across spatial and temporal scales for the tropics, including modeling, field, and controlled laboratory studies. The review aims to (1) provide a broad understanding of how a suite of global change factors are altering humid tropical forest ecosystem properties and biogeochemical processes; (2) assess spatial variability in responses to global change factors among humid tropical regions; (3) synthesize results from across humid tropical regions to identify emergent trends in ecosystem responses; (4) identify research and management priorities for the humid tropics in the context of global change. Ecosystem responses covered here include plant growth, carbon storage, nutrient cycling, biodiversity, and disturbance regime shifts. The review demonstrates overall negative effects of global change on all ecosystem properties, with the greatest uncertainty and variability in nutrient cycling responses. Generally, all global change factors reviewed, except for carbon dioxide fertilization, demonstrate great potential to trigger positive feedbacks to global warming via greenhouse gas emissions and biogeophysical changes that cause regional warming. This assessment demonstrates that effects of decreased rainfall and deforestation on tropical forests are relatively well understood, whereas the potential effects of warming, carbon dioxide fertilization, nitrogen deposition, and plant species invasions require more cross-site, mechanistic research to predict tropical forest responses at regional and global scales.

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Ecosystem Decay of Amazonian Forest Fragments: a 22‐Year Investigation

Cited by 1,467 publications

References 101 publications

Edge effects and the impact of wildfires on populations of small non-volant mammals in the forest-savanna transition zone in Southern Amazonia

Edge effects and the impact of wildfires on populations of small non-volant mammals in the forest-savanna transition zone in Southern Amazonia

Helminth parasite communities of two Physalaemus cuvieri Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Leiuperidae) populations under different conditions of habitat integrity in the Atlantic Rain Forest of Brazil

Global change effects on humid tropical forests: Evidence for biogeochemical and biodiversity shifts at an ecosystem scale

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