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Suggested citation:Epanchin-Niell, R.S., Boyd, J.W., Macauley, M.K., Scarlett, Lynn, Shapiro, C.D., and Williams, B.K., 2018, Integrating adaptive management and ecosystem services concepts to improve natural resource managementChallenges and opportunities: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1439, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1439.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Challenges and Opportunities Executive SummaryOverview Natural resource managers must make decisions that affect broad-scale ecosystem processes involving large spatial areas, complex biophysical interactions, numerous competing stakeholder interests, and highly uncertain outcomes. Natural and social science information and analyses are widely recognized as important for informing effective management. Chief among the systematic approaches for improving the integration of science into natural resource management are two emergent science concepts, adaptive management and ecosystem services. Adaptive management (also referred to as "adaptive decision making") is a deliberate process of learning by doing that focuses on reducing uncertainties about management outcomes and system responses to improve management over time. Ecosystem services is a conceptual framework that refers to the attributes and outputs of ecosystems (and their components and functions) that have value for humans. This report explores how ecosystem services can be moved from concept into practice through connection to a decision framework-adaptive management-that accounts for inherent uncertainties. Simultaneously, the report examines the value of incorporating ecosystem services framing and concepts into adaptive management efforts.Adaptive management and ecosystem services analyses have not typically been used jointly in decision making. However, as frameworks, they have a natural-but to date underexplored-affinity. Both are policy and decision oriented in that they attempt to represent the consequences of resource management choices on outcomes of interest to stakeholders. Both adaptive management and ecosystem services analysis take an empirical approach to the analysis of ecological systems. This systems orientation is a byproduct of the fact that natural resource actions affect ecosystems-and corresponding societal outcomesoften across large geographic scales. Moreover, because...