Ecosystem Protection through Myco-Remediation of Chromium and Arsenic

Abstract

The current study emphasizes fungi as an important tool against heavy metals and how isolated fungal species can be used to create a successful strategy for the bioremediation of chromium and arsenic-contaminated sites/soils. Globally, heavy metal pollution is a serious issue. In the current investigation, contaminated sites were chosen, and samples could be taken from various localities of Hisar (29.1492° N, 75.7217° E) and Panipat (29.3909° N, 76.9635° E), India. A total of 19 fungal isolates were obtained from the collected samples through the enrichment culture technique using PDA media supplemented with Cr as chromic chloride hexahydrate (50 mg/L) and As as sodium arsenate (10 mg/L) and the potential of fungal isolates to be used for the removal of heavy metals was examined. The isolates were screened for minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) exhibiting tolerance capabilities, and the four best isolates C1, C3, A2, and A6 with the highest MICs (>5000 mg/L), were chosen for further investigations. To use the chosen isolates in the remediation of heavy metals (Cr and As), the culture conditions were optimized. The fungal isolates C1 and C3 estimated the highest removal of 58.60% and 57.00% at 50 ppm chromium concentration, while the isolates A6 and A2 recorded the highest removal efficiency of 80% and 56% at 10 ppm arsenic concentration under optimal conditions. Finally, the chosen fungal isolates C1 and A6 were molecularly identified as Aspergillus tamarii and Aspergillus ustus, respectively.

Fungal Arsenic Tolerance and Bioaccumulation: Local Strains from Polluted Water vs. Allochthonous Strains

“…These methods include chemical techniques such as the use of oxidants, physical methods such as microfiltration membranes, and hybrid chemicalphysical methods such as flocculation and coagulation, ion exchange and electrokinetic methodologies [5,13]. However, these methods are expensive and can produce sludges, which are difficult to dispose of, with a strong impact on microbial and geochemical environmental processes [14,15]. For these reasons, the research area of bioremediation is becoming increasingly important [1,16].…”

Reduction of Toxic Metal Ions and Production of Bioelectricity through Microbial Fuel Cells Using Bacillus marisflavi as a Biocatalyst

“…When wastewaters with a high content of soluble heavy metals mix with the aquatic environment, it significantly threatens the living organisms present and the people who use these waters [ 4 ]. The literature shows that the most frequently contaminating metals are copper (Cu), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), titanium (Ti), and platinum (Pt) [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Copper-Contaminated Substrate Biosorption by Penicillium sp. Isolated from Kefir Grains

“…In a recent work, Kamal et al [ 9 ] highlight the use of fungi as an important strategy against inorganic contaminants. They also emphasize that different species of fungi make up a powerful arsenal with the potential for use in bioremediation.…”