Ecosystem respiration in a heterogeneous temperate peatland and its sensitivity to peat temperature and water table depth

Juszczak, Radosław; Humphreys, Elyn; Acosta, Manuel; Michalak-Galczewska, Maria; Kayzer, Dariusz; Olejnik, Janusz

doi:10.1007/s11104-012-1441-y

Cited by 98 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Instead, it is probable that our results reflect the complexity of the relationship between R eco and WT in very dry soils as outlined by Lafleur et al (2005), where factors such as a stable, low surface soil moisture content, and decreased porosity (i.e. limited oxygen availability) at the depths at which the WT is mainly located ensure that when CO 2 -C fluxes are measured, the WT is deeper than the zone where it has a discernible impact on R eco (Juszczak et al, 2013). As such, the soil temperature regime at these sites may act as a "proxy" for drainage level (i.e.…”

Section: Effects Of Drainage Levelmentioning

confidence: 82%

Derivation of greenhouse gas emission factors for peatlands managed for extraction in the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom

Wilson¹,

Dixon

Artz

et al. 2015

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. Drained peatlands are significant hotspots of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions and may also be more vulnerable to fire with its associated gaseous emissions. Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from peatlands managed for extraction are reported on an annual basis. However, the Tier 1 (default) emission factors (EFs) provided in the IPCC 2013 Wetlands Supplement for this land use category may not be representative in all cases and countries are encouraged to move to highertier reporting levels with reduced uncertainty levels based on country-or regional-specific data. In this study, we quantified (1) CO 2 -C emissions from nine peat extraction sites in the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom, which were initially disaggregated by land use type (industrial versus domestic peat extraction), and (2) a range of GHGs that are released to the atmosphere with the burning of peat. Drainagerelated methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions as well as CO 2 -C emissions associated with the off-site decomposition of horticultural peat were not included here. Our results show that net CO 2 -C emissions were strongly controlled by soil temperature at the industrial sites (bare peat) and by soil temperature and leaf area index at the vegetated domestic sites. Our derived EFs of 1.70 (±0.47) and 1.64 (±0.44) t CO 2 -C ha −1 yr −1 for the industrial and domestic sites respectively are considerably lower than the Tier 1 EF (2.8 ± 1.7 t CO 2 -C ha −1 yr −1 ) provided in the Wetlands Supplement. We propose that the difference between our derived values and the Wetlands Supplement value is due to differences in peat quality and, consequently, decomposition rates. Emissions from burning of the peat (g kg −1 dry fuel burned) were estimated to be approximately 1346 CO 2 , 8.35 methane (CH 4 ), 218 carbon monoxide (CO), 1.53 ethane (C 2 H 6 ), 1.74 ethylene (C 2 H 4 ), 0.60 methanol (CH 3 OH), 2.21 hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and 0.73 ammonia (NH 3 ), and this emphasises the importance of understanding the full suite of trace gas emissions from biomass burning. Our results highlight the importance of generating reliable Tier 2 values for different regions and land use categories. Furthermore, given that the IPCC Tier 1 EF was only based on 20 sites (all from Canada and Fennoscandia), we suggest that data from another 9 sites significantly expand the global data set, as well as adding a new region.

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Section: Effects Of Drainage Levelmentioning

confidence: 82%

Derivation of greenhouse gas emission factors for peatlands managed for extraction in the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom

Wilson¹,

Dixon

Artz

et al. 2015

Biogeosciences

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“…The reasons for this include a number of potential errors affecting especially the measurement precision of the AC system, whereas over a constant area and maximum soil depth, integrated AC measurements increase measurement accuracy. First, it is currently not clear whether microclimatological and ecophysiological disturbances due to chamber deployment, such as the alteration of temperature, humidity, pressure, radiation and gas concentration, may result in biased C flux rate estimates (Juszczak et al, 2013;Kutzbach et al, 2007;Lai et al, 2012;Langensiepen et al, 2012). Second, uncertainties related to performed flux separation and gap-filling procedures may influence the obtained annual gaseous C exchange (Gomez-Casanovas et al, 2013;Görres et al, 2014;Moffat et al, 2007;Reichstein et al, 2005).…”

Section: Accuracy and Precision Of Applied Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting small-scale spatial heterogeneity and temporal dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks: a comparison between automatic chamber-derived C budgets and repeated soil inventories

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Carbon (C) sequestration in soils plays a key role in the global C cycle. It is therefore crucial to adequately monitor dynamics in soil organic carbon ( SOC) stocks when aiming to reveal underlying processes and potential drivers. However, small-scale spatial (10-30 m) and temporal changes in SOC stocks, particularly pronounced in arable lands, are hard to assess. The main reasons for this are limitations of the well-established methods. On the one hand, repeated soil inventories, often used in long-term field trials, reveal spatial patterns and trends in SOC but require a longer observation period and a sufficient number of repetitions. On the other hand, eddy covariance measurements of C fluxes towards a complete C budget of the soil-plant-atmosphere system may help to obtain temporal SOC patterns but lack small-scale spatial resolution.To overcome these limitations, this study presents a reliable method to detect both short-term temporal dynamics as well as small-scale spatial differences of SOC using measurements of the net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) as a proxy. To estimate the NECB, a combination of automatic chamber (AC) measurements of CO 2 exchange and empirically modeled aboveground biomass development (NPP shoot ) were used. To verify our method, results were compared with SOC observed by soil resampling.Soil resampling and AC measurements were performed from 2010 to 2014 at a colluvial depression located in the hummocky ground moraine landscape of northeastern Germany. The measurement site is characterized by a variable groundwater level (GWL) and pronounced small-scale spatial heterogeneity regarding SOC and nitrogen (Nt) stocks. Tendencies and magnitude of SOC values derived by AC measurements and repeated soil inventories corresponded well. The period of maximum plant growth was identified as being most important for the development of spatial differences in annual SOC. Hence, we were able to confirm that AC-based C budgets are able to reveal small-scale spatial differences and short-term temporal dynamics of SOC.

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“…Many studies documented that main factors impacting soil respiration (R ECO ) and therefore carbon emissions are air temperature (Bubier et al 1998;Bortoluzzi et al 2006;Davidson et al 2006;Heijmans et al 2013) or peat temperature (Chapman and Thurlow 1996;Silvola et al 1996;Lafleur et al 2005;Juszczak et al 2013;D'Angelo et al 2016). Approximate 1°C temperature increase at subarctic peatlands resulted in increases of R ECO values and mobilization of carbon that was located in deeper peat layers (Dorrepaal et al 2009).…”

Section: Additive Effect Of Warming and Lowering Of Wtd On C Cyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Experimental Temperature and Water Level Manipulation on Carbon Dioxide Release in a Poor Fen in Northern Poland

et al. 2018

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Peatlands are ecosystems for which carbon budget relies strongly on the meteorological and hydrological conditions. Here, using a manipulative field experiment, we measured ecosystem respiration (R ECO ) over two years (2013)(2014) ). With the natural dry period event which occurred in 2014, the seasonal R ECO increased by approx. 0.2 μmol CO 2 m −2 s −1 as compared to the previous year. Projected global warming will therefore significantly enhance C loss from poor fens in this region of Europe.

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Ecosystem respiration in a heterogeneous temperate peatland and its sensitivity to peat temperature and water table depth

Abstract: Background and aims Ecosystem respiration (R eco) is controlled by thermal and hydrologic regimes, but their relative importance in defining the CO 2 emissions in peatlands seems to be site specific. The aim

Cited by 98 publications

References 47 publications

Derivation of greenhouse gas emission factors for peatlands managed for extraction in the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom

Derivation of greenhouse gas emission factors for peatlands managed for extraction in the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom

Detecting small-scale spatial heterogeneity and temporal dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks: a comparison between automatic chamber-derived C budgets and repeated soil inventories

The Impact of Experimental Temperature and Water Level Manipulation on Carbon Dioxide Release in a Poor Fen in Northern Poland

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