Ecosystem services of Phragmites in North America with emphasis on habitat functions

Kiviat, Erik

doi:10.1093/aobpla/plt008

Cited by 109 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 123 publications

(172 reference statements)

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“…The increased SOM mineralization that follows P. australis invasion may influence the ability of coastal wetlands to maintain their function as C sinks. Researchers have proposed that P. australis invasion could help coastal marshes survive accelerated sea level rise because of high above‐ and belowground biomass production and low degradability (Windham & Lathrop, ; Windham & Meyerson, ; Kiviat, ) that results in a significant increase in soil C inputs (Rice et al ., ; Rooth et al ., ; Caplan et al ., ). Our results suggest that increased C inputs at depth are balanced to an unknown extent by increased outputs via microbial decomposition of organic matter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

An invasive wetland grass primes deep soil carbon pools

Bernal

Megonigal

Mozdzer

2016

Global Change Biology

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Understanding the processes that control deep soil carbon (C) dynamics and accumulation is of key importance, given the relevance of soil organic matter (SOM) as a vast C pool and climate change buffer. Methodological constraints of measuring SOM decomposition in the field prevent the addressing of real-time rhizosphere effects that regulate nutrient cycling and SOM decomposition. An invasive lineage of Phragmites australis roots deeper than native vegetation (Schoenoplectus americanus and Spartina patens) in coastal marshes of North America and has potential to dramatically alter C cycling and accumulation in these ecosystems. To evaluate the effect of deep rooting on SOM decomposition we designed a mesocosm experiment that differentiates between plant-derived, surface SOM-derived (0-40 cm, active root zone of native marsh vegetation), and deep SOM-derived mineralization (40-80 cm, below active root zone of native vegetation). We found invasive P. australis allocated the highest proportion of roots in deeper soils, differing significantly from the native vegetation in root : shoot ratio and belowground biomass allocation. About half of the CO produced came from plant tissue mineralization in invasive and native communities; the rest of the CO was produced from SOM mineralization (priming). Under P. australis, 35% of the CO was produced from deep SOM priming and 9% from surface SOM. In the native community, 9% was produced from deep SOM priming and 44% from surface SOM. SOM priming in the native community was proportional to belowground biomass, while P. australis showed much higher priming with less belowground biomass. If P. australis deep rooting favors the decomposition of deep-buried SOM accumulated under native vegetation, P. australis invasion into a wetland could fundamentally change SOM dynamics and lead to the loss of the C pool that was previously sequestered at depth under the native vegetation, thereby altering the function of a wetland as a long-term C sink.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

An invasive wetland grass primes deep soil carbon pools

Bernal

Megonigal

Mozdzer

2016

Global Change Biology

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“…In the last years perennial grasses such as Phragmites australis are cultivated for renewable energy use. The rapid growth and regrowth after cutting, and high level of biomass production, of Phragmites australis suggest a good feedstock for bioenergy (Kiviat, 2013 . A reeds stock of about 100000 km² can be found worldwide, thereof 3000 km² in Europe (Kitzler et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reed Biomass, a Possibility of Cultivation and Protection of “Wetland” in Korça Field in Albania

Icka

Damo

Icka³

2017

Annals ”Valahia” University of Targoviste - Agriculture

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The human society since early times has utilized the fire as a mean to accomplish its own needs and fuel providing has always been its main concern. In the framework of the environmental and forestry protection increasingly is required the retrievable and sustainable alternative energy. The utilization of reed biomass is an alternative of the retrievable biomass. The world is using since many years the reed biomass as fuel source. Whereas in Albania the utilization of the reed biomass has been observes only in the framework of projects in protected areas. Our proposal to plant 500 ha peaty soil, recently an abandoned agricultural land which is waterlogged for a long period of the year, is seen as a possibility for the re-cultivation of abandoned lands, to produce the renewable biomass. By assessment results that from this surface to provide at least 5000 ton reed biomass or about 86500 GJ energy. This energy is a considerable source of energy and a way to reduce the deforestation, at least to the region in this study.

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“…, Meyer et al. , Kiviat ), including important WNV‐amplifying hosts such as the House Sparrow ( Passer domesticus ) and the American Robin ( Turdus migratorius ) (Kilpatrick et al. , Hamer et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, Diuk‐Wasser et al. , Kiviat ). Nocturnal occupancy of these communal roosts coincides with the diel activity patterns of host‐seeking C. pipiens and C. restuans (Suom et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cascade of ecological consequences for West Nile virus transmission when aquatic macrophytes invade stormwater habitats

Mackay

Muturi

Ward

et al. 2016

Ecological Applications

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Artificial aquatic habitats are ubiquitous in anthropogenic landscapes and highly susceptible to colonization by invasive plant species. Recent research into the ecology of infectious diseases indicates that the establishment of invasive plant species can trigger ecological cascades which alter the transmission dynamics of vector-borne pathogens that imperil human health. Here, we examined whether the presence or management of two invasive, emergent plants, cattails (Typha spp.) and phragmites (Phragmites australis), in stormwater dry detention basins (DDBs) alter the local distribution of vectors, avian hosts, or West Nile virus (WNV) transmission risk in an urban residential setting. Mosquitoes and birds were surveyed at 14 DDBs and paired adjacent residential sites. During the study period, emergent vegetation was mowed by site managers in three DDBs. In the absence of vegetation management, the overall abundance and species composition of both adult vectors and avian hosts differed between residential and DDB habitats; however, WNV entomological risk indices were equivalent. Communal bird roosts composed primarily of three species, European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus), and Common Grackles (Quiscalus quiscula), representing a broad range of WNV reservoir competence, were observed at half (three out of six) of the DDBs containing unmanaged stands of phragmites; however, their presence was associated with a lower seasonal increase in vector infection rate. Conversely, mowing of emergent vegetation resulted in a significant and sustained increase in the abundance of WNV-infected vectors in DDBs and the increase in risk extended to adjacent residential sites. These findings indicate that management of invasive plants in DDBs during the growing season can increase, while presence of communal bird roosts can decrease, WNV transmission risk.

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Ecosystem services of Phragmites in North America with emphasis on habitat functions

Cited by 109 publications

References 123 publications

An invasive wetland grass primes deep soil carbon pools

An invasive wetland grass primes deep soil carbon pools

Reed Biomass, a Possibility of Cultivation and Protection of “Wetland” in Korça Field in Albania

Cascade of ecological consequences for West Nile virus transmission when aquatic macrophytes invade stormwater habitats

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