Ecotourism as a Core of Sustainability in Tourism

Impact of community participation on sustainable development of marine protected areas: Assessment of ecotourism development

“…The sustainable development concept started in the 1960s regarding environmental degradation because of poor resource management. Since the environment has become an imperative global problem, sustainability can be adopted as a common strategy of sustainable economic, social, and environmental goals (Geijzendorffer et al, 2017;Machnik, 2021) Social sustainability is a process or life-enhancing conditions within a community that promotes wellbeing (Sen & Walter, 2020;Walter, 2020). Masud et al (2017) assumed that ecotourism encourages local community participation to support social equity and reducing the risk of environmental damages, and in turn, lead to contribute a sustainable development of MPAs.…”

“…The sustainable development concept started in the 1960s regarding environmental degradation because of poor resource management. Since the environment has become an imperative global problem, sustainability can be adopted as a common strategy of sustainable economic, social, and environmental goals (Geijzendorffer et al, 2017; Machnik, 2021) which could contribute to the development of MPAs.…”

“…Khanra et al (2021) indicated that ecotourism development includes three important aspects of sustainable development. Economic sustainability ensures individuals have access to a high level of living standard and that advantages are common similarly amid all individuals associated with the activities (Machnik, 2021). Wondirad et al (2020b) believed that ecotourism might be utmost operative as an element of a wider conservation tactic of sustainable dimensions.…”

Sustainability Ecotourism Complexity in Batu-Indonesia: CBE Implementation based on Tourists' Evaluation

“…Several terms are used to describe the positive sides of CBE, including creative and regenerative tourism (Duxbury et al, 2021), green tourism (Anand et al, 2012), responsible tourism (Chettiparamb & Kokkranikal, 2012), pro-poor tourism (Purbasari & Manaf, 2018), and even it is considered as a magic bullet (Ghosh & Ghosh, 2019) and "a Core" of sustainable tourism through three pillars -environmental, social, and economic (Machnik, 2021). CBE bolsters the use of sustainable resources/conservation and allows for local community involvement (Singgalen, 2020) or rural (Ammirato et al, 2020) and even indigenous communities.…”

“…Conceptually, the CBE emphasizes the integrated basic principles that should be observed to ensure the success of ecotourism (Husamah & Hudha, 2018;Rahardjanto et al, 2019), allowing ecotourism practices to remain sustainable even under stressful or unstable conditions (Mudzengi et al, 2021). Implementing CBE principles in ecotourism practices is difficult, despite the increasing number of evidence indicating that only such an approach will ensure ecotourism success (Machnik, 2021). Various portraits of the implementation of CBE principles in the field are required to uncover "well-intended efforts and good practices" (Fabricius & Pereira, 2015) or implementation success stories (Puri et al, 2019), and even to map various problems (Hoogendoorn, 2017); thus, it can make it easier to find the right solution (whiz-bang solutions) (Montgomery et al, 2020).…”