Ecotoxicity and biodegradability of pure and aqueous mixtures of deep eutectic solvents: glyceline, ethaline, and reline

Lapeña, David; Errazquin, Diego; Lomba, Laura; Lafuente, Carlos; Giner, Beatriz

doi:10.1007/s11356-020-11144-w

Cited by 69 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Though not all DESs can be truly classified as green solvent, a recent comprehensive assessment using multi-criteria such as safety, biodegradability, and toxicological parameters show that Type III DESs, particularly those synthesized using choline chloride as hydrogen-bond acceptor (HBA) and sugar alcohols (glycerol or ethylene glycol), straight-chain alcohols, sugars, and amides (urea) as hydrogen-bond donor (HBD), are promising environmentally friendly or green solvents [6]. In another study, Lapena et al [7] investigated the toxicological behavior and biodegradability of glyceline, ethaline, and reline, and their results reveal that these DESs are both biodegradable and have low toxicities. There is increasing interest in the exploration and application of DESs in wide and diverse areas by researcher due to their extremely low vapor pressure, high thermal and chemical stability, non-flammability, high solvation capacity, and cost effectiveness [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Binary mixtures of choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents as green extractants for the extraction of benzene from n-hexane

et al. 2021

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A suitable green solvent for extraction of aromatics from aliphatics must possess good solvation and physicochemical properties, a rare occurrence in a single deep eutectic solvent (DES). Mixture of DESs could enable synergy and provide a good candidate extractant. In this study, DESs of glyceline, ethaline, and reline were synthesized and their binary mixtures (glyceline/ethaline, reline/ethaline, and glyceline/reline) produced by blending in various volume proportions. Twelve of such mixed solvents were prepared and their extraction efficiency for separating benzene from n-hexane investigated in a batch equilibrium process. Liquid–liquid equilibria (LLE) data for the pseudo-ternary systems of n-hexane + benzene + mixed DESs were measured at 303 K and 101.3 kPa. The distribution coefficient (D) and selectivity (S) of each pseudo-ternary system were determined to elicit extraction efficiency. The physicochemical properties of the mixed DESs were also measured. The results show that generally the distribution coefficients, selectivities, and physicochemical properties of the mixed DESs lie between the corresponding values for the constituent DES. The best performance was given by the mixed solvent of glyceline and ethaline in the 80:20 volume ratio, respectively, with D = 0.75 and S = 422.485. This assertion was further corroborated by higher percent recovery of benzene obtained from the said mixed DES (57.88%) relative to other mixed DESs (≤ 49.11%) examined in this study. Furthermore, its separation efficiency is superior to sulfolane but lower than glyceline, though there was a 9.4% reduction in its viscosity relative to glyceline.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Binary mixtures of choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents as green extractants for the extraction of benzene from n-hexane

et al. 2021

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“…A disruption of the structure of these compounds may occur at a certain limit of the water content. This interaction can increase or decrease the toxicity, depending on the used biomodel, the water content, and the composition of the mixture [84].…”

Section: Aquatic Biomodelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Starting materials: Although a clear trend has not been observed, the starting materials of DESs present different toxicity than the eutectic mixtures [82,[84][85][86]. The physicochemical properties of the eutectic mixtures are different from those of the starting materials, mainly due to the extent of the hydrogen bonds.…”

Section: Aquatic Biomodelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Eutectic Solvents: Are They Safe?

et al. 2021

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Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a relatively new type of solvent that have attracted the attention of the scientific community due to their environmentally friendly properties and their versatility in many applications. Many possible DESs have been described and, thus, it is not easy to unequivocally characterize and generalize their properties. This is especially important in the case of the (eco)toxicity information that can be found for these mixtures. In this review, we collect data on the human and environmental toxicity of DESs, with the aim of gathering and exploring the behavioral patterns of DESs. The toxicity data found were analyzed attending to different factors: hydrogen bond donors or acceptors that form part of the eutectic mixture, pH, and the presence of organic acids in the DES molar ratio of the components, or interactions with natural compounds. In the case of ecotoxicity, results generally depend on the biomodel studied, along with other factors that have been also revised. Finally, we also carried out a revision of the biodegradation of DESs.

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“…Due to the nature and versatility of DESs, these mixtures are attracting attention from the academic and industry sectors. It has been demonstrated that DESs can be used for many applications such as synthesis [18][19][20], separation processes [21,22], extraction [23][24][25][26][27][28], biocatalysis [29], nanomaterials, biotechnology [12,13], electrochemistry [30,31], food [32], cosmetics, pharmaceuticals [33][34][35][36][37][38], or as a biofuel [12,14,16,25,39]. DESs are also useful in the pharmaceutical industry as excipients for the delivery of hydrophobic drugs or as a vehicle [40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Deep Eutectic Solvents Related to Health, Synthesis, and Extraction of Natural Based Chemicals

et al. 2021

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Deep eutectic solvents are liquid mixtures of solid components at room temperature, which present exceptional properties: high solvent capacity, high biodegradation, low volatile organic compound character, and relatively low toxicity. Furthermore, there are an important number of DES described, formed by different components and ratios, and thus, the studied applications are also numerous. In this review, we focused on the applications related to health. One of the most promising applications of DES is the development of oral liquid formulations of poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients, although it currently remains at an early stage. We have analyzed the potential and limitations of DES with this regard. Furthermore, DES have been used as synthesis media. In this work, we revised the use of DES to obtain bioactive natural products via synthesis or extraction process. Finally, the usefulness of DES in other interesting applications for promoting health has been also examined: this is the case of genomics studies, nano-carriers for the encapsulation of anticancer drugs or stabilization of samples for medical purposes.

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Ecotoxicity and biodegradability of pure and aqueous mixtures of deep eutectic solvents: glyceline, ethaline, and reline

Cited by 69 publications

References 41 publications

Binary mixtures of choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents as green extractants for the extraction of benzene from n-hexane

Binary mixtures of choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents as green extractants for the extraction of benzene from n-hexane

Deep Eutectic Solvents: Are They Safe?

Applications of Deep Eutectic Solvents Related to Health, Synthesis, and Extraction of Natural Based Chemicals

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