“…The negative impact on the health of clams, as reported by disruption in the assessed biomarkers, MDA levels, and decreased AChE activity might be the consequence of the bioavailability and toxicokinetic properties of iron ore. Such results might include interactions with the cytochrome P450 (Cyp) isoforms such as Cyp1A2, Cyp3A4, and CypC19… ( Ishak et al, 2022 , Badraoui et al, 2023 ). Interactions with Cyp are commonly assessed in toxicological approaches ( Badraoui et al, 2023 , Hedfi et al, 2022 ) as they are usually associated with mild to severe toxicological outcomes ( Allouche et al, 2022 , Hedfi et al, 2022 ).…”