Ecotoxicity of neutral red (dye) and its environmental applications

Kastury, Farzana; Juhasz, Albert L.; Beckmann, Sabrina; Manefield, Mike

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.07.028

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Ecotoxicology experiments have shown that the small quantities of neutral red remaining in solution after crystal formation are benign to sensitive ecological receptors. 15 This field demonstration of enhanced biogas production in a non-gassy coal seam showcases the applicability of the technology at large scale in the subsurface environment.…”

Section: Methanosarcina Mazei Culturesmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Beyond bioelectrochemical systems, neutral red and other electron shuttles have been examined extensively in biodegradation reactions for organochlorine dechlorination and azo dye reduction. 14,15 Curiously, electron shuttles have never been tested for the ability to enhance methane production from renewable or non-renewable organic resources. Preliminary tests with cyanocobalamin, anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate and neutral red, indicated that neutral red alone possessed properties that enhanced methane production in mixed species methanogenic cultures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel phenazine crystals enable direct electron transfer to methanogens in anaerobic digestion by redox potential modulation

Beckmann

Welte

et al. 2016

Energy Environ. Sci.

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Section: Methanosarcina Mazei Culturesmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel phenazine crystals enable direct electron transfer to methanogens in anaerobic digestion by redox potential modulation

Beckmann

Welte

et al. 2016

Energy Environ. Sci.

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“…In E. coli these effects are less significant because of the high isoelectric point and lower acidic content which leads to an slower combination of the dye and this gramnegative microorganism [48]. Neutral red has also demonstrated to cause loss of viability of E. coli and it might induce SOD response [49]. Yet, under normal conditions, untreated E. coli is apparently able to cope with these substances in VRBA (Fig.…”

Section: Culture Media Composition Affecting Cultivability Of Untreatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative effect of growth media on the monitoring of E. coli inactivation and regrowth after solar and photo-Fenton treatment

Valero

Giannakis

Mosteo

et al. 2017

Chemical Engineering Journal

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This study intends to assess the cultivability of photo-treated Escherichia coli K-12 on media with different selectivity (PCA, LBA, T-7, T-7+TTC, VRBA and MAC) and to establish optimal conditions for bacterial recuperation. For these purposes, immediate and long-term bacterial recovery after SODIS and photo-Fenton are evaluated. Moreover, the use of catalase and sodium pyruvate supplements in the medium is studied. The non-selective medium PCA showed the highest counts for the untreated and treated cells due to its content in nutrients (e.g. glucose) and lack of inhibitors. On *Revised Manuscript (clean for typesetting) Click here to view linked References Highlights-Selective media noticeably reduced recovery of photo-treated Escherichia coli-PCA supported the growth of injured bacteria with possible membrane damage-Catalase and sodium pyruvate enhanced the recuperation of photo-treated E. coli-Photo-Fenton inflicted multi-level cellular damages more severely than SODIS

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“…NR as a pH luminescent sensor for environmental and biological applications has the promising additional property of very low toxicity [18], based on the fact that NR has been certified as a biological stain and is well known as a method for determining cell viability through the staining of lysosomes and chromatin staining [14,15,18]. In an eco-toxicological safety study by Kastury et al (2015), acute toxicity values of NR were determined to lie between 2.5 × 10 −4 M to 0.01 M [19,20]. In the present study, all experiments were conducted at NR concentrations below 10 −5 M.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Neutral Red as a pH/pCO2 Luminescent Sensor for Biological Systems

et al. 2021

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Neutral Red (NR), a eurhodin dye, is often used for staining living cells, but we demonstrated for the first time that NR can also serve as a CO2 sensor, because of NR’s unique optical properties, which change with dissolved carbon dioxide (dCO2) concentrations. In the present study, optical sensitivity of NR was quantified as a function of changes in absorption and emission spectra to dCO2 in a pH 7.3 buffer medium at eight dCO2 concentrations. NR exhibited a response time of two minutes for equilibration in pure N2 to 100% CO2 with an ~200% percent change (%∆) in emission intensity and >400%∆ in absorbance, with full reversibility. Important to its application to biological systems, NR exhibited zero sensitivity to dissolved oxygen, which has routinely caused interference for CO2 measurements. NR exhibited pH sensitive emission and excitation energies with dual excitation wavelengths at 455 nm and 540 nm, and a single emission at 640 nm. The CO2 sensing properties of NR were benchmarked by a comparison to pyranine (8-hydroxypyrene-1, 3,6-trisulfonic acid trisodium salt) (HPTS). Future studies will evaluate the feasibility of NR as an intracellular in vivo pCO2 sensor in aquatic organisms critically impacted by increasing global CO2 levels.

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Ecotoxicity of neutral red (dye) and its environmental applications

Cited by 20 publications

References 37 publications

Novel phenazine crystals enable direct electron transfer to methanogens in anaerobic digestion by redox potential modulation

Novel phenazine crystals enable direct electron transfer to methanogens in anaerobic digestion by redox potential modulation

Comparative effect of growth media on the monitoring of E. coli inactivation and regrowth after solar and photo-Fenton treatment

Development of Neutral Red as a pH/pCO2 Luminescent Sensor for Biological Systems

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