Ecotoxicological impact of pharmaceuticals found in treated wastewaters: study of carbamazepine, clofibric acid, and diclofenac

Ferrari, B.; Paxéus, Nicklas; Giudice, Roberto Lo; Pollio, Antonino; Garric, Jeanne

doi:10.1016/s0147-6513(02)00082-9

Cited by 738 publications

(336 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Ferrari et al (2003) calculated PNEC from bioassays for bacteria, algae, microcrustaceans, and fishes to perform an initial risk characterization against both MEC and PEC for carbamazepine, clofibric acid, and diclofenac. Only carbamazepine had a risk quotient >1.…”

Section: Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of risk from potential emerging contaminants in UK groundwater

Stuart

Lapworth

Crane

et al. 2012

Science of The Total Environment

673

284

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This paper provides a review of the types of emerging organic groundwater contaminants (EGCs) which are beginning to be found in the UK. EGCs are compounds being found in groundwater that were previously not detectable or known to be significant and can come from agricultural, urban and rural point sources. EGCs include nanomaterials, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, industrial compounds, personal care products, fragrances, water treatment by-products, flame retardants and surfactants, as well as caffeine and nicotine. Many are relatively small polar molecules which may not be effectively removed by drinking water treatment. Data from the UK Environment Agency's groundwater screening programme for organic pollutants found within the 30 most frequently detected compounds a number of EGCs such as pesticide metabolites, caffeine and DEET. Specific determinands frequently detected include pesticides metabolites, pharmaceuticals including carbamazepine and triclosan, nicotine, food additives and alkyl phosphates. This paper discusses the routes by which these compounds enter groundwater, their toxicity and potential risks to drinking water and the environment. It identifies challenges that need to be met to minimise risk to drinking water and ecosystems.

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Section: Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of risk from potential emerging contaminants in UK groundwater

Stuart

Lapworth

Crane

et al. 2012

Science of The Total Environment

673

284

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“…The tested concentration range of CBZ was selected based on concentrations found in the environment and at the Ria de Aveiro (0.03 to 6.3 μg/L; Bahlmann et al, 2009Bahlmann et al, , 2012Calisto et al, 2011a;Ferrari et al, 2003;Metcalfe et al, 2003;Sacher et al, 2001;Ternes, 1998). The highest concentration (9.00 μg/L) was selected to simulate an increase in CBZ discharges into the aquatic environment.…”

Section: Experimental Conditions -Toxicity Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This drug has antiepileptic and psychotropic properties, exerting its effects by blocking the sodium channels of excitatory neurons (Malarvizhi et al, 2012). The high consumption and the low degradation rate upon WWTPs (b 10%) (Zhang et al, 2008) are the principal reasons for the occurrence of CBZ in water bodies, namely in WWTP influents and effluents, surface waters, groundwater and even in treated drinking water, with concentrations ranging from 0.03 to 6.3 μg/L (Ternes, 1998;Sacher et al, 2001;Ferrari et al, 2003;Metcalfe et al, 2003;Bahlmann et al, 2009Bahlmann et al, , 2012Calisto et al, 2011a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, aquatic organisms downstream WWTP effluents are chronically exposed to a complex mixture of synthetic and biologically active pharmaceuticals which may impair important biological processes (Liu et al, 2015). Ferrari et al (2003) studied the acute and chronic effects of CBZ, on the microcrustacean Ceriodaphnia dubia, observing that the chronic tests displayed higher toxicity than the acute assays. Other authors found a similar pattern, where the chronic tests presented a higher toxicity than the acute tests (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chronic toxicity of the antiepileptic carbamazepine on the clam Ruditapes philippinarum

Almeida

Freitas

Calisto

et al. 2015

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology &

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The impacts of carbamazepine (CBZ) on aquatic organisms are yet not well investigated. The present study aimed to better understand the chronic effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of CBZ. The experiment was performed by exposing the filter feeding clam Ruditapes philippinarum to 0.00, 0.03, 0.30, 3.00 and 9.00 μg/L, during 28 days. To assess the chronic toxicity of the drug a battery of biomarkers related with health status and oxidative stress was applied. In order to quantify CBZ in the clam's tissues and in water samples ELISA was used. The present study showed three types of responses on the clams after a chronic exposure to CBZ. For control condition and the lower concentrations (0.03 and 0.30 μg/L) a "similar" metabolic state was observed and the most efficient antioxidant status leading to the elimination of reactive oxygen species formed during the metabolism of CBZ. The concentration of 3.00 μg/L seemed to be a "threshold" concentration, beyond which the concentration levels of CBZ began to exert a toxic effect, compromising the activity of biotransformation and antioxidant enzymes, with notorious effects at the highest CBZ concentration (9.00 μg/L). CBZ also seemed to alter the energy-related responses, especially the glycogen and electron system responses, revealing a slowdown in metabolism at the higher exposure concentrations (3.00 and 9.00 μg/L). Overall, the present study demonstrated that the higher CBZ concentrations can lead to the impairment of antioxidant enzymes compromising the neutralization of reactive oxygen species, and thus the ability to cope with oxidative stress.

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“…Algae, as the primary producer of aquatic ecosystem, play an important role in the structure and functioning of the whole aquatic ecological system (Chalew and Halden, 2009). Previous studies revealed that microalgae were sensitive to pollutants including antibiotics, and the sensitivity could be several orders higher than crustaceans and fish (Ferrari et al, 2003;Chalew and Halden, 2009), thus algae are ideal organisms to test the toxicity of pollutants. While in some reports, Microcystis aeruginosa was generally more sensitive than the alga to antibacterial agents (HallingSørensen, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%