Ecotoxicological impacts of industrial effluents on irrigation water quality, animal health and the role of calcium alginate in effluents treatment

Abstract

The effluents discharged from Mansoura Company for Resins and Chemicals Industry were evaluated for drinking and irrigation purposes. Calcium-alginate beads were used for effluents treatment in this study. Young male rats were also allowed to drink effluents at different concentrations (10%, 50%, 100%) and treated 100% effluents with calcium-alginate for 11 weeks. Results indicated high concentrations of some physicochemical parameters and Cd, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in effluents that exceeded the permissible limits for drinking and irrigation purposes. Treatment by calcium-alginate alleviate heavy metals concentration but did not affect the physicochemical parameters. Depending on effluents concentration, the liver of young male rats showed high accumulation of Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, and Ni compared to the control group. Serum levels of liver enzymes, total bilirubin significantly increased while total protein, and albumin contents decreased in effluent groups. Liver concentrations of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl significantly elevated along with significant decrease in superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase activities, and glutathione content. Moreover, growth and thyroid hormones were significantly reduced along with significant elevation in thyroid stimulating hormone. This was accompanied by significant decrease in the body weight, especially with 100% effluents concentration compared to control group. Also, histological investigations of both liver and thyroid gland using hematoxylin and eosin showed distortion in the structure of both organs especially with 50% and 100% effluent groups. However, treatment of effluents by calcium-alginate improved these changes. The study revealed that calcium-alginate are effective biosorbents for heavy metals and consequently decrease animal and human health hazards, but further studies are needed to alleviate physicochemical characteristics.

Genotoxicity of Synthetic Food Colors on Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria in Agricultural Lands Irrigated with Wastewater of Corresponding Industries

“…Despite the fact that the present study also positively relates to a research finding in which different bacterial isolates obtained from the soil are aggregated by means of industrial wastewater (secondary source of aggregation), the results showed adsorption of Cd and Ni at different concentrations of single-and bi-metal systems and indicated that these heavy metals not only affect the soil flora but also affect the agricultural system [57]. Similar to the presence of benzidine, 3,3 -dimethoxybenzidineand 3, or 3 -dimethylbenzidine were reported in the industrial wastewater from where the soil samples were collected.…”