Ecotoxicological risk assessment of antifouling emissions in a cruise ship port

The Contribution of Scientific and Historical Data to the Conservation and Management of the Island of Lokrum Marine Area

“…The water-supply system suffered serious material damage and the fire protection measures on the island were threatened. Another research of the Lokrum marine area recorded that both, the water column and the sediment from the sea bottom, were contaminated by antifouling boat paint and heavy metals from ships [27]. Based on the given facts, there is a need for a scientific research on the marine pollution caused by ships.…”

“…The collections from the Dubrovnik Natural History Museum weren't available to the public at that time, so Kršinić published paper suggesting the need for establishing a new museum which should exhibit the existing collections systematically presented, as well as establishing new collections which should be presented in line with the ecological principles covering the themes of the protected areas of Dubrovnik among which a special place should be reserved for the special reserve Lokrum [51]. [64,31,62,57,46,32,68,27]. This confirms the requirement of following these guidelines to propose concrete measures in the management acts in order to manage the marine ecological network more efficiently in accordance with the legal requirements.…”

“…Allochthonous species, one of the main threats to biodiversity, have been studied as well as their interaction with autochthonous species [64,31,62,57]. There have also been studies on other anthropogenic threats to the Lokrum area, such as the influence of the increasing number of anchoring vessels in front of the island [32,27]. The Dead Sea area with its diatom communities [26] and ichthyofauna [29] have also been the subject of research.…”

Analysis of cruise ship traffic in the Port of Split

“…Cruise ships undoubtedly have negative impact on the environment: land, sea and air. Cruise emissions cover a multitude of organic and inorganic wastes in gaseous, liquid and solid forms, from solid waste [15], hazardous waste [16], bilge water, ballast water [17] [18], sanitary wastewater [19] to [21], food waste, ash from incinerators [22], biocides [23] and arange of emissions to the atmosphere like nitrogen, sulphur and carbon oxides (NOx, SOx and COx), and fl oating particles [24] [25]. Cruise ships also bring to the recipient country lots of benefi ts.…”

Ports in Transition

“…According to governmental plans, cruise tourism would play a significant role in the redevelopment of the Bay. Nevertheless, cruise tourism raises concerns regarding infrastructure, operational, distribution, use and waste impacts (Butt, 2007;Carić, Klobučar, & Štambuk, 2016;Carić & Mackelworth, 2014;Poplawski et al, 2011;Wood, 2000). "Although the cruise industry is a relatively small contributor to the number of tourists in Havana or Cuba, the impact for Havana and the environment is significant" (Klein, 2011).…”