Ecotoxicology and wetland ecosystems: Current understanding and future needs

Catallo, W. James

doi:10.1002/etc.5620121205

Cited by 43 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…Although many trace metals affect macrophyte community structure in freshwater systems (Guilizzoni, 1991;Catallo, 1993), little is known about the potential for Al to affect macrophyte community structure. As with the algal studies reviewed in Section III, most evidence that Al may affect macrophyte community structure originates from studies of lake acidification.…”

Section: B Relationship Of Macrophyte Community Structure To Al Expomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent reviews suggest that rooted submergent and emergent macrophytes take up trace metal cations most readily from sediments as opposed to direct transport through the leaves from overlying waters (Crowder, 1991;Guilizzoni, 1991;Catallo, 1993). Thus, correlations with aqueous Al in overlying waters are much less likely to be statistically, as well as mechanistically, significant (but see Lehtonen, 1989; discussed in Section IV.C.1 below).…”

Section: Sediment Biogeochemistry and Bioavailability Of Al To Aqumentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Bioavailability and Toxicity of Aluminum in Aquatic Environments

Gensemer

Playle

1999

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

642

444

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ABSTRACT:In this article we review the biological effects of Al, primarily with respect to the chemical factors controlling Al bioavailability and toxicity, and how its biological effects are best predicted. Our intent is not to duplicate recent reviews on Al chemistry or toxicity, but rather to update the literature since these reviews were published, and to focus on Al speciation and other external chemical influences on Al bioavailability to freshwater biota. Briefly, we first review Al chemistry, with a specific focus on understanding, as well as measuring, Al chemical species of importance to aquatic biota. Next we more comprehensively review Al toxicity and bioavailability to freshwater algae, with a thorough analysis of the relationships between speciation and toxicity, the role of important chemical complexing agents such as P, Si, and organic carbon, as well as the potential for Al to impact algal community structure. A third section reviews the more sparse literature on aquatic higher plants; the fourth section reviews a somewhat more abundant literature of Al toxicity to freshwater invertebrates. We close with an updated review of Al toxicity to fish, again with a focus on mechanisms of toxicity, and the role of Al speciation in controlling bioavailability.

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Section: B Relationship Of Macrophyte Community Structure To Al Expomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sediment Biogeochemistry and Bioavailability Of Al To Aqumentioning

confidence: 99%

The Bioavailability and Toxicity of Aluminum in Aquatic Environments

Gensemer

Playle

1999

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

642

444

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“…Salt marsh organisms, which are adapted to environments with high levels of physical stress, particularly from salinity and sulfides, may be preadapted to tolerate anthropogenic pollutants. Moreover, the low redox levels and high levels of sulfides and organic carbon, generally present in reduced wetland sediments, may act to sequester and limit the bioavailability of pollutants in these marsh systems (Catallo 1993). The effect of physicochemical parameters on toxicity of both inorganic and organic stressors is complex (Hamelink et al 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, plant-derived energy can be exported from a salt marsh as dissolved organic carbon (Moran and Hodson 1994), nutrients (Turner 1993), and consumer biomass (Odum and Heald 1972;Montague and Wiegert 1990). Despite high levels of persistent contaminants in coastal and estuarine sediments (Valette-Silver 1993), few studies have addressed how contaminants affect wetland processes important in interactions with surrounding ecosystems (Klopatek 1988;Catallo 1993). The direct and indirect dependence of estuarine species on the detrital-based food web of the salt marsh suggests the need for improved assessment and monitoring of possible pollutant effects on lower trophic levels.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Effect of Mercury and PCBs on Organisms from Lower Trophic Levels of a Georgia Salt Marsh

Wall

2001

Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

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Abstract. We examined several indicators of salt marsh function, focusing on primary producers, microbes, and grass shrimp, at a Superfund site (LCP) contaminated with mercury and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and a reference site (Cross-River) in Georgia. Primary production of Spartina alterniflora was assessed by measuring peroxidase activity (POD), glutathione concentration (tGSH), photosynthesis (A net ), and transpiration (E). Microbial populations were assessed by measuring living-fungal standing crop (as ergosterol) and Microtox . Grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) reproductive potential was determined by measuring individual egg mass, average egg area, brood size, and brood mass of gravid females. Comparison of the sites suggested that P. pugio reproduction was affected at the LCP site, but we were unable to document clear negative effects on other organisms we investigated. Due to natural environmental gradients, the CrossRiver site may not have been a perfect control for the LCP site. Therefore, data from just the LCP site were reanalyzed using multiple regression. Fungal biomass was related to methylmercury concentrations, but the direction of the relationship differed between wholly dead shoots (positive) and partially dead shoots (negative). S. alterniflora POD was positively related to methylmercury concentrations. S. alterniflora A net and E were negatively related to elevation and salinity, respectively. Despite high levels of contamination at the LCP site, our results provided only suggestive evidence for impacts on organisms at lower trophic levels.

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“…Wetlands, transitional zones between upland and open water areas (Catallo, 1993), have both economic and ecological importance due to their high productivity and capacity to filter and store water (Murkin, 1989;Hook, 1993). Such areas are often exposed to mixtures of pesticides (ERS, 1994), yet toxicity tests are generally done as individual chemical exposures (Thompson, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting cholinesterase activity in aquatic animals

Beauvais

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This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI fihns the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer.The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margms, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction.In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion.Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book.Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. ICgher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI GENERAL INTRODUCTIONOrganophosphorus insecticides (OPs) are extensively used throughout the world to control crop pests (Eto, 1991; ERS, 1994). As organochlorlne insecticides have gradually been phased out in response to problems caused by their persistence in the environment, OPs have been a common choice to replace them . In the United States, for example, the top three insecticides applied to field crops in 1993 were chlorpyrifos (3 x 10^ kg), terbufos (2.5 x 10® kg), and methyl parathion (2.3 x 10® kg; ERS, 1994).OPs can enter aquatic systems that drain agricultural watersheds through routes such as direct application for aquatic insect pest control Stevens and Wan-en, 1992), aerial overspray (Hennessey et al., 1992), and runoff from crop fields Richards and Baker, 1993;.Because insecticides that target aquatic pests are formulated for greater effectiveness in water, direct application can result in higher concentrations (e.g., up to 10 |ig/L; , and relatively longer-term exposures (e.g., 2-6 weeks; Yasuno, 1991) than those resulting from other uses. Runoff from fields occurs with rain, and like aerial overspray, results in pulsed events with relatively short exposure periods.Assessment of an aquatic system's exposure to OPs is difficult as these compounds are non-persistent ; they are rapidly hydrolyzed and photolyzed (Weinberger et al., 1982;Wang et al., 1989), taken up by biota , and they readily adsorb to sediments (Sharom et al., 1980; Knuth and 2 Heinis, 1992). Water solubilities of many OPs are low, for example, the solubility of chlorpyrifos is 1-2 mg/L at 25®C, and its mean soil adsorption coefficient (Kd) is 173 mL/g . Therefore. OPs may be found in the aquatic ecosystem for ...

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Ecotoxicology and wetland ecosystems: Current understanding and future needs

Cited by 43 publications

References 120 publications

The Bioavailability and Toxicity of Aluminum in Aquatic Environments

The Bioavailability and Toxicity of Aluminum in Aquatic Environments

The Effect of Mercury and PCBs on Organisms from Lower Trophic Levels of a Georgia Salt Marsh

Factors affecting cholinesterase activity in aquatic animals

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