Ecotoxicology of Manufactured Nanoparticles

Apte, Simon C.; Rogers, Nicola J.; Batley, Graeme E.

doi:10.1002/9781444307504.ch7

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 87 publications

(156 reference statements)

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“…These results suggest a complex relationship between toxicity and soluble Zn concentration for particulate forms of zinc, that cannot be related to Zn ion derived toxicity only. It has been suggested that metal based NPs, such as ZnO NPs, can cause a high localised exposure of toxic dissolved species, since the concentration of ions close to the particle surface will be greater than in the bulk solution (Apte et al 2009). Such localised NP specific effects could explain the high toxicity for the ZnO forms.…”

Section: Toxicity To E Fetidamentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil pH effects on the comparative toxicity of dissolved zinc, non-nano and nano ZnO to the earthwormEisenia fetida

et al. 2013

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Section: Toxicity To E Fetidamentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil pH effects on the comparative toxicity of dissolved zinc, non-nano and nano ZnO to the earthwormEisenia fetida

et al. 2013

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“…Damage could be inflicted by the abrasive nature (i.e. sharp edges and corner defects) of some very hard material types (Apte et al 2009;Stoimenov et al 2002). Membrane attachment and contact lesions have also been shown and it has been indicated that these can cause changes in membrane permeability and stability.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Enp Assimilation Into Biological Systemsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In terrestrial organisms, major entry routes for ENPs can include inhalation, ingestion, and dermal uptake, while in aquatic organisms uptake over gill surfaces, olfactory organs, the alimentary tract and body wall may all be important (Apte et al 2009;Moore 2006). From these exposure routes, a number of potential key target organs can be identified, including lungs/gills, skin and the intestine.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Enp Assimilation Into Biological Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical approaches to support current understanding of exposure, uptake and distributions of engineered nanoparticles by aquatic and terrestrial organisms

et al. 2014

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Initiatives to support the sustainable development of the nanotechnology sector have led to rapid growth in research on the environmental fate, hazards and risk of engineered nanoparticles (ENP). As the field has matured over the last 10 years, a detailed picture of the best methods to track potential forms of exposure, their uptake routes and best methods to identify and track internal fate and distributions following assimilation into organisms has begun to emerge. Here we summarise the current state of the field, focussing particularly on metal and metal oxide ENPs. Studies to date have shown that ENPs undergo a range of physical and chemical transformations in the environment to the extent that exposures to pristine well dispersed materials will occur only rarely in nature. Methods to track assimilation and internal distributions must, therefore, be capable of detecting these modified forms. The uptake mechanisms involved in ENP assimilation may include a range of trans-cellular trafficking and distribution pathways, which can be followed by passage to intracellular compartments. To trace toxicokinetics and distributions, analytical and imaging approaches are available to determine rates, states and forms. When used hierarchically, these tools can map ENP distributions to specific target organs, cell types and organelles, such as endosomes, caveolae and lysosomes and assess speciation states. The first decade of ENP ecotoxicology research, thus, points to an emerging paradigm where exposure is to transformed materials transported into tissues and cells via passive and active pathways within which they can be assimilated and therein identified using a tiered analytical and imaging approach.

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Nanomaterials: A Challenge for Toxicological Risk Assessment?

Haase

Tentschert

Luch

2012

Experientia Supplementum

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Nanotechnology has emerged as one of the central technologies in the twenty-first century. This judgment becomes apparent by considering the increasing numbers of people employed in this area; the numbers of patents, of scientific publications, of products on the market; and the amounts of money invested in R&D. Prospects originating from different fields of nanoapplication seem unlimited. However, nanotechnology certainly will not be able to meet all of the ambitious expectations communicated, yet has high potential to heavily affect our daily life in the years to come. This might occur in particular in the field of consumer products, for example, by introducing nanomaterials in cosmetics, textiles, or food contact materials. Another promising area is the application of nanotechnology in medicine fueling hopes to significantly improve diagnosis and treatment of all kinds of diseases. In addition, novel technologies applying nanomaterials are expected to be instrumental in waste remediation and in the production of efficient energy storage devices and thus may help to overcome world's energy problems or to revolutionize computer and data storage technologies. In this chapter, we will focus on nanomaterials. After a brief historic and general overview, current proposals of how to define nanomaterials will be summarized. Due to general limitations, there is still no single, internationally accepted definition of the term "nanomaterial." After elaborating on the status quo and the scope of nanoanalytics and its shortcomings, the current thinking about possible hazards resulting from nanoparticulate exposures, there will be an emphasis on the requirements to be fulfilled for appropriate health risk assessment and regulation of nanomaterials. With regard to reliable risk assessments, until now there is still the remaining issue to be resolved of whether or not specific challenges and unique features exist on the nanoscale that have to be tackled and distinctively addressed, given that they substantially differ from those encountered with microsized materials or regular chemicals. Based on the current knowledge, we finally provide a proposal on how risk assessment in the nanofield could be achieved and how it might look like in the near future.

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Ecotoxicology of Manufactured Nanoparticles

Cited by 8 publications

References 87 publications

Soil pH effects on the comparative toxicity of dissolved zinc, non-nano and nano ZnO to the earthwormEisenia fetida

Soil pH effects on the comparative toxicity of dissolved zinc, non-nano and nano ZnO to the earthwormEisenia fetida

Analytical approaches to support current understanding of exposure, uptake and distributions of engineered nanoparticles by aquatic and terrestrial organisms

Nanomaterials: A Challenge for Toxicological Risk Assessment?

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