Ecotypic differentiation in seed and seedling morphology and physiology among Cicuta virosa populations

Abstract

a b s t r a c tThere are three different Cicuta virosa habitats in Korea: Pyeongchang (PC), a fenced wet meadow with a water shortage in spring; Hoengseng (HS), a 12 year old abandoned paddy field and narrow streamlet holding shallow water throughout the year; Gunsan (GS), a 1 m deep reservoir with a floating mat composed of organic matter located 2 • south of HS and PC and at very low altitude. These three populations with different altitudes, climates, water regimes and nutrient availability showed differences in leaf morphology and flowering time. We compared seed and seedling morphology and tested the sensitivity of seedlings to dryness and shade and the germination responses to light and temperature to identify intraspecific variation as ecotypic differences in C. virosa populations (p ≤ 0.05). The seed length of GS (2.04 ± 0.03 mm) was significantly shorter than that of PC (2.44 ± 0.05 mm) and HS (2.60 ± 0.03 mm). Seed weight of GS (0.83 ± 0.01 mg) was significantly lighter than that of the others (PC: 1.47 ± 0.02 mg, HS: 1.33 ± 0.02 mg). PC and HS seedlings had larger root: shoot ratio values and GS had significantly higher relative growth rate (RGR) through 8 weeks of growth. GS seedlings were more sensitive to dryness than PC and HS in leaf chlorophyll contents, specific leaf area (SLA) and RGR. The pattern of germination responses was similar among the three populations but germination rate (%) was very different. Maximum germination percentages were 63.0%, 23.9% and 96.9% in PC, HS, and GS, respectively, under 28/18 • C/14 h photoperiod. The nonviable seed (%) of GS (18.1 ± 0.7%) was significantly higher than that of the others (PC: 3.1 ± 1.6%, HS: 3.4 ± 0.6%) in the tetrazolium tests result. Seed mass which was correlated to other plant traits (i.e., root:shoot ratio, RGR) and germination rate were the most discriminating variables in the discriminant analysis. Seed weight was negatively correlated with temperature in January and water level and germination rate was significantly related with water level and water temperature in August. Based on these results under uniform conditions, we suggest that these three C. virosa populations from different habitats are ecotypes.

Variabilidad intraespecífica en la calidad de semillas de especies forestales nativas en bosques montanos en el sur del Ecuador: Implicaciones para la restauración de bosques

“…dormancia) deben ser caracterizados a nivel de árboles y poblaciones de una especie y relacionar con la germinación y el crecimiento inicial de plántulas. Se conoce que la masa de semillas es un rasgo clave para diferenciar ecotipos, tal como ocurrió en las tres poblaciones estudiadas para Cicuta virosa, aunque el porcentaje de germinación fue similar (Shin & Kim, 2013), el tamaño de la semillas es otra de las características que determina la capacidad germinativa de una semilla, pues estudios reportan que semillas grandes tienen mayor capacidad germinativa (Jacquemyn, Brys & Hermy 2001). Por otra parte, la germinación de semillas está asociada a factores como, por ejemplo, temperatura, agua, salinidad (Wang et al, 2016); no obstante, hay relaciones entre factores ecológicos, morfológicos y fisiológicos, por ejemplo, hay relación del requerimiento de la luz y la masa de las semillas (Milberg, Andersson & Thompson, 2000), temperatura con la germinación (Souza, Gasparetto, Lopes & Barros, 2016;Yang et al, 2008), absorción de agua de semillas con la dinámica de germinación (Wierzbicka & Obidzinska, 1998).…”