Ectocranial suture closure: A revised method for the determination of skeletal age at death based on the lateral‐anterior sutures

Meindl, Richard S.; Lovejoy, C. Owen

doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330680106

Cited by 1,207 publications

(772 citation statements)

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“…Age‐at‐death was estimated on the basis of the morphological characteristics of the pubic symphyses and auricular surfaces of the coxal bones (Brooks & Suchey, 1990; Lovejoy, Meindl, Pryzbeck, & Mensforth, 1985), the sternal ends of the ribs (İşcan & Loth, 1986; İşcan, Loth, & Wright, 1984), as well as late‐stage epiphyseal fusion in young adults (Scheuer & Black, 2000), and stages of cranial suture obliteration in older adults (Meindl & Lovejoy, 1985). Each adult skeleton was assigned to one of four age categories: 18–25 years (young adult), 26–35 years (early middle adult); 36–45 years (late middle adult) or ≥ 46 years (older adult) in accordance with the Museum of London Human Osteology Method Statement protocol (Powers, 2012) and agreed standard praxis in Irish osteoarchaeological research (Irish Association of Professional Osteoarchaeologists [IAPO], 2007).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental markers of poverty: Biocultural deliberations on oral health of the poor in mid‐nineteenth‐century Ireland

Geber

Murphy²

2018

American J Phys Anthropol

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ObjectivesDespite subsisting on a low‐cariogenic diet comprising virtually nothing more than potatoes and dairy products, poor oral health affected the quality of life for the poor of nineteenth‐century Ireland. This study investigates potential biocultural reasons that may explain why this was the case.Material and MethodsA total of 6,860 teeth and 9,889 alveoli from 363 permanent dentitions from the skeletal remains of impoverished adult Irish males and females who died between 1847 and 1851 in the Kilkenny Union Workhouse were examined for evidence of dental caries, periodontal disease and ante‐mortem tooth loss. Caries rates were quantified and assessed by crude prevalence, frequencies, corrected caries rates and a t‐health index, and evaluated by sex and age groups.ResultsA higher rate of caries was present among 18–25‐year‐old males than females, while the opposite relationship was evident for older age groups. The prevalence rates of periodontal disease and ante‐mortem tooth loss increased with age. When assessed by corrected caries rates, tooth decay is observed at a lower rate compared to contemporaneous lower to upper‐class population samples from London.DiscussionDespite being low cariogenic foods, the potato starch and milk lactose of a nineteenth‐century Irish laborer's diet would have lowered oral pH‐values thereby increasing the risk of bacterial fermentation in dental plaque resulting in caries. Nutritional features alone cannot explain the high rates of dental caries observed in the Kilkenny workhouse population sample, however, and lifestyle factors, particularly habitual clay‐pipe smoking, is considered a significant cause of poor oral health.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental markers of poverty: Biocultural deliberations on oral health of the poor in mid‐nineteenth‐century Ireland

Geber

Murphy²

2018

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…Sex was estimated by scoring 23 characteristics outlined in Éry (1992) and Éry et al (1963). Adult age was estimated using degeneration of the pubic symphyseal face (Brooks and Suchey 1990), the sternal ends of ribs (Íșcan et al 1985; Íșcan et al 1984), and cranial suture closure (Meindl and Lovejoy 1985;Nemeskéri et al 1960). In instances of poor preservation, dental attrition scores were used to place individuals within a broad age group (Éry 1992;Huszár and Schranz 1952 estimates too broad for a single category were classified as "adult".…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gendered Differences in Accidental Trauma to Upper and Lower Limb Bones at Aquincum, Roman Hungary

Gilmour

Gowland

Roberts

et al. 2015

International Journal of Paleopathology

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Additional information:Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. AbstractIt is hypothesized that men and women living in the border provinces of the Roman Empire may have encountered different physical dangers associated with variation in their occupations and activities. Limb bone trauma data were used to assess sex-based differences in physical hazards and evidence for fracture healing and treatment. Two hundred and ten skeletons were examined from a late 1 st to early 4 th century AD cemetery at Aquincum (Budapest, Hungary). Upper and lower limb bone fracture types, frequencies, distributions, and associated complications were recorded, and gendered patterns in injury risks were explored. Of the 23 fractures identified, both sexes had injuries indicative of falls; males exhibited the only injuries suggestive of higherenergy and more direct forces. Most fractures were well-healed with few complications. The extremity trauma at Aquincum suggests that people buried here experienced less hazardous physical activities than at other Roman provincial sites. The patterns of trauma indicate that "traditional" gender roles were in place, whereby male civilians participated in more physically dangerous activities than females. Additionally, treatment may have been equally accessible to men and women, but certain fracture types proved more challenging to reduce using the techniques available.

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“…While the age range of adults in archaeological samples is still quite large (18-60 years), growth during this age period is limited when compared to the age categories preceding the adult stage. Estimation of age at death was achieved by combining the results of several different methods: sternal rib end deformation developed by İşcan et al (1984), cranial suture closure developed by Meindl and Lovejoy (1985), pubic symphysis changes developed by Brooks and Suchey (1990), dental attrition ageing published by Maat (2001), and finally the auricular surface ageing method developed by Buckberry and Chamberlain (2002). Estimation of sex was done according to the standards by Buikstra and Ubelaker (1994).…”

Section: Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Talking heads: Morphological variation in the human mandible over the last 500 years in the Netherlands

Bosman

Moisik

Dediu

et al. 2017

HOMO

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A B S T R A C TThe primary aim of this paper is to assess patterns of morphological variation in the mandible to investigate changes during the last 500 years in the Netherlands. Three-dimensional geometric morphometrics is used on data collected from adults from three populations living in the Netherlands during three time-periods. Two of these samples come from Dutch archaeological sites (Alkmaar, 1484-1574, n = 37; and Middenbeemster, 1829-1866, n = 51) and were digitized using a 3D laser scanner. The third is a modern sample obtained from MRI scans of 34 modern Dutch individuals.Differences between mandibles are dominated by size. Significant differences in size are found among samples, with on average, males from Alkmaar having the largest mandibles and females from Middenbeemster having the smallest. The results are possibly linked to a softening of the diet, due to a combination of differences in food types and food processing that occurred between these time-periods. Differences in shape are most noticeable between males from Alkmaar and Middenbeemster. Shape differences between males and females are concentrated in the symphysis and ramus, which is mostly the consequence of sexual dimorphism. The relevance of this research is a better understanding of the anatomical variation of the mandible that can occur over an evolutionarily short time, as well as supporting research that has shown plasticity of the mandibular form related to diet and food processing. This plasticity of form must be taken into account in phylogenetic research and when the mandible is used in sex estimation of skeletons.

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Ectocranial suture closure: A revised method for the determination of skeletal age at death based on the lateral‐anterior sutures

Cited by 1,207 publications

References 10 publications

Dental markers of poverty: Biocultural deliberations on oral health of the poor in mid‐nineteenth‐century Ireland

Dental markers of poverty: Biocultural deliberations on oral health of the poor in mid‐nineteenth‐century Ireland

Gendered Differences in Accidental Trauma to Upper and Lower Limb Bones at Aquincum, Roman Hungary

Talking heads: Morphological variation in the human mandible over the last 500 years in the Netherlands

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