Ectomycorrhiza formation of Tricholoma matsutake on Pinus densiflora

Abstract

Mycorrhizal association of Tricholoma matsutake with Pinus densiflora was studied. A naturally established P. densiflora stand (age: ca. 45 yr) where occurrences of T. matsutake sporocarps had been confirmed was studied in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. Pine root systems connected with T. rnatsutake sporocarps via the fungal white mycelia were sampled in October 1997. The sampled pine roots were covered overall with white mycelia. Under a dissecting microscope, the mycelia were confirmed to form fungal sheaths on the lateral roots. Under a light microscope, transverse and longitudinal sections of these roots showed the presence of both fungal sheaths and Hartig nets, which are typical of ectomycorrhizas. The fungal sheath was ca. 1.5-20/~m in thickness, and felt prosenchymatous in texture. Hartig nets developed continuously at the cortex and extended to the boundary between cortical cells and endodermal cells. The same ectomycorrhizal morphotype on the pine was also recovered from inside the same mycelial colony (i.e., "shiro") of T. matsutake from winter to summer. These results suggest that T. rnatsutake has a perennial ectomycorrhizal association with P. densiflora.

Matsutake – morphological evidence of ectomycorrhiza formation between Tricholoma matsutake and host roots in a pure Pinus densiflora forest stand

“…We have demonstrated here that T. matsutake forms an ectomycorrhizal association with its host P. densiflora, in concurrence with Yamada et al (1999) and Gill et al (1999). The distinctive progressive blackening and necrotic morphology of developing Matsutake mycorrhizal roots illustrated here, is perhaps influenced by a shift in the trophic status of T. matsutake as the association matures (Wang et al, 1997).…”

“…With regard to the internal morphology, although Yamada et al (1999) provided evidence of Hartig net development in P. densiflora mycorrhizal roots collected within a Shiro, Ogawa (1985) reported that such colonized roots lack both a mantle and Hartig net, although hyphae were seen to invade the intercellular spaces of the host outer cortex. The presence, in the mycorrhizal roots investigated here, of extraradical mycelium (Fig.…”

“…It has been suggested for many years that T. matsutake might exhibit some pathogenic characteristics. Fungal penetration of host cortical cells has been observed in both natural (Masui, 1927 ;Ogawa, 1985 ;Yamada et al, 1999) and artificially synthesized (Wang et al, 1997 ;W. M. Gill, unpublished) Matsutake mycorrhizas.…”

Sustainable fruit-body formation of edible mycorrhizal Tricholoma species for 3 years in open pot culture with pine seedling hosts

“…There are large differences in the morphology of its fruit bodies (Riva 2003) and mycorrhizas (Agerer 1987(Agerer -2002Yamada et al 1999aYamada et al , 2001b. Species used in the present study belong to three different sectoins sensu Riva (2003), i. e., T. saponaceum is in section Rigida, T. portentosum in section Equestria, and T. terreum in section Atrosquamosa.…”

Ectomycorrhiza formation of Tricholoma matsutake isolates on seedlings of Pinus densiflora in vitro

“…Other reports of in vitro synthesis lack sufficient anatomical description to determine whether T. matsutake formed ecto-or endomycorrhizas (Hiromoto, 1963;Tominaga, 1963;Yokoyama and Yamada, 1987;Eto, 1990;. On the other hand, Yamada et al (1999) described natural T. matsutake ectomycorrhizas associated with P. densiflora, and resolved questions about the nature of the mycorrhizas under field conditions, i.e., whether they are ecto-, ectendo-, or pseudomycorrhiza, or have a parasitic nature (Ogawa, 1985;Smith and Read, 1997;Wang et al, 1997). These contradictory opinions about T, matsutake mycorrhizas between in vitro and in the field conditions raise questions about the ecophysiology of this fungus from the view points of both basic and applied biology.…”