Ectomycorrhizal development on pine by Pisolithus tinctorius in bare-root and container seedling nurseries

Abstract

Application. A commercial pure culture, vegetative inoculum of Pisolithus tinctorius (Pt) produced by Sylvan Spawn Laboratory (now MycorrTech, Inc .) that does not require leaching and drying was formulated and tested on pine seedlings in operational bare-root nurseries, on seedlings in microplots, and on container-grown seedlings . Incorporation of fresh Sylvan Spawn inoculum with C :N ratios of 50 to 60 into nursery beds at 0 .33 liter/m 2 of soil, or into container medium in the ratio 1 :10 (v/v) with rooting medium provides effective ectomycorrhizal development by Pisolithus tinctorius on southern pine seedlings .Abstract. Vegetative inoculum of Pisolithus tinctorius (Pt) with carbon :nitrogen (C :N) ratios between 22 and 70 produced by Sylvan Spawn Laboratories were compared to inoculum produced by research methods in Athens, GA, in-forming ectomycorrhizae on pine in bareroot seedling nurseries in South Carolina and Indiana, and on seedlings in microplots and containers in Georgia . Nonleached Sylvan Spawn inoculum with C:N ratios of 50 and 60 grown for 51 days formed as much Pt ectomycorrhizae (Pt index > 78) on pine seedlings as did leached and dried research inoculum (Pt index > 82) that was grown for several months prior to application . Number of Pt fruit bodies produced in nursery beds were positively correlated with the amount of Pt ectomycorrhizae .

Efeito de inoculante ectomicorrízico produzido por fermentação semi-sólida sobre o crescimento de Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden

“…Vários tipos de inoculantes ectomicorrízicos têm sido utilizados, destacando-se os esporos (Theodorou & Benson, 1983;Marx et al, 1989b) e o inoculante vegetativo, constituído do micélio em cultura pura numa mistura vermiculita-turfa-meio de cultura (Marx et al, 1982;Last et al, 1984). O inoculante vegetativo permite a utilização de fungos previamente testados quanto à infectividade e eficiência no crescimento do hospedeiro (Marx, 1980;Marx et al, 1989a). Além disso, o micélio fica protegido entre as lâminas de vermiculita, e o fungo pode sobreviver até a emissão de raízes receptivas (Garbaye, 1990;Smith & Read, 1997).…”

“…Com este método, os fungos Pisolithus tinctorius (Marx et al, 1989a), Hebeloma crustuliniforme e Laccaria laccata (Hung & Molina, 1986;Castellano & Molina, 1989) têm sido extensivamente inoculados nas mudas de Pinus spp. e Pseudotsuga menziesii nos EUA.…”

“…Dificuldades na multiplicação dos fungos por fermentação líquida, devidas às contaminações freqüentes, comprometem a qualidade do inoculante, sobretudo na produção em larga escala (Šašek, 1990). As operações de lavagem e imobilização do micélio representam mais riscos de contaminação, aumentando os custos do processo (Marx et al, 1989a;Garbaye, 1990).…”

Inoculation of containerized Pinus halepensis (Miller) seedlings with basidiospores of Pisolithus arhizus (Pers) Rauschert, Rhizopogon roseolus (Corda) Th M Fr and Suillus collinitus (Fr) O Kuntze

“…During the last 20 years, many successful experiments have been carried out to inoculate seedlings with basidiospores of specific fungal species and many authors have used these propagules for the formation of ectomycorrhizas in different species of pine (Marx and Ross, 1970;Theodorou, 1971Theodorou, , 1984Theodorou and Bowen, 1973;Marx, 1976; Hodson, 1979;Marx et al, 1979; Ruehle, 1980; Alvarez and Trappe, 1983;Beckjord et al, 1984;Marx and Bell, 1985;Marx et al, 1989). …”

Application of Specific Ectomycorrhizal Fungi in World Forestry

“…Most work has been concentrated on Pisolithus tinctorius. Various commercial inoculum formulations and inoculation techniques have been developed for use in seedling production systems (Marx et aI., 1982;Marx and Bell, 1985;Marx et a!., 1989aMarx et a!., , 1989bMarx and Cordell, 1990). P. tinctorius is a good candidate fungus because it has a relatively wide geographic range and tree host distribution, tolerates a variety of environmental stresses, and is easy to propagate and manipulate in pure culture.…”