Ectomycorrhizal fungi mediate indirect effects of a bark beetle outbreak on secondary chemistry and establishment of pine seedlings

Karst, Justine; Erbilgin, Nadir; Pec, Gregory J.; Cigan, Paul W.; Najar, Ahmed; Simard, Suzanne W.; Cahill, James

doi:10.1111/nph.13492

Cited by 53 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…With the exception of research on forest clear cuts (Teste & Simard, ; Barker et al ., ), few studies have examined the legacy effects of large‐scale tree mortality on belowground microbial communities (but see Karst et al ., ). Our study shows that even 9 yr following the death of the tree, soil in the understory of pinyons that died in 1996 had levels of EMF inocula similar to that of living trees (Table ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Pinus sylvestris and Betula pendula seedling biomass was affected by both EMF diversity and community composition (Jonsson et al ., ). Mortality of lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta ) due to mountain pine beetle ( Dendroctonus ponderosae ) herbivory altered EMF communities, seedling growth and defensive chemistry (Karst et al ., ). Our inoculation experiment supports these findings and suggests that shifts in an EMF community dominated by closely related species also can alter host plant performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Legacy effects of tree mortality mediated by ectomycorrhizal fungal communities

et al. 2019

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Summary Successive droughts have resulted in extensive tree mortality in the southwestern United States. Recovery of these areas is dependent on the survival and recruitment of young trees. For trees that rely on ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) for survival and growth, changes in soil fungal communities following tree mortality could negatively affect seedling establishment. We used tree‐focused and stand‐scale measurements to examine the impact of pinyon pine mortality on the performance of surviving juvenile trees and the potential for mutualism limitation of seedling establishment via altered EMF communities. Mature pinyon mortality did not affect the survival of juvenile pinyons, but increased their growth. At both tree and stand scales, high pinyon mortality had no effect on the abundance of EMF inocula, but led to altered EMF community composition including increased abundance of Geopora and reduced abundance of Tuber. Seedling biomass was strongly positively associated with Tuber abundance, suggesting that reductions in this genus with pinyon mortality could have negative consequences for establishing seedlings. These findings suggest that whereas mature pinyon mortality led to competitive release for established juvenile pinyons, changes in EMF community composition with mortality could limit successful seedling establishment and growth in high‐mortality sites.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Legacy effects of tree mortality mediated by ectomycorrhizal fungal communities

et al. 2019

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“…Increased concentrations of soil phenolics have led to decreased colonization rates in ectomycorrhizal fungi (Siqueira et al ., ), shifts in the community composition of fungi on the roots of their hosts (Krupa & Fries, ), and positive to negative responses in spore germination and hyphal growth for soil fungi (Kuiters, ; Siqueira et al ., ; Bárta et al ., ). Our previous work has demonstrated a decrease in the richness of fruiting bodies of ectomycorrhizal fungi in beetle‐killed compared with undisturbed pine stands (Treu et al ., ) as well as compositional differences in fungal communities on lodgepole pine seedlings that were inoculated with soil fungi from undisturbed and beetle‐killed stands in a glasshouse experiment (Karst et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change in soil fungal community structure driven by a decline in ectomycorrhizal fungi following a mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreak

et al. 2016

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Summary Western North American landscapes are rapidly being transformed by forest die‐off caused by mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae), with implications for plant and soil communities. The mechanisms that drive changes in soil community structure, particularly for the highly prevalent ectomycorrhizal fungi in pine forests, are complex and intertwined. Critical to enhancing understanding will be disentangling the relative importance of host tree mortality from changes in soil chemistry following tree death. Here, we used a recent bark beetle outbreak in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) forests of western Canada to test whether the effects of tree mortality altered the richness and composition of belowground fungal communities, including ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi. We also determined the effects of environmental factors (i.e. soil nutrients, moisture, and phenolics) and geographical distance, both of which can influence the richness and composition of soil fungi. The richness of both groups of soil fungi declined and the overall composition was altered by beetle‐induced tree mortality. Soil nutrients, soil phenolics and geographical distance influenced the community structure of soil fungi; however, the relative importance of these factors differed between ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi. The independent effects of tree mortality, soil phenolics and geographical distance influenced the community composition of ectomycorrhizal fungi, while the community composition of saprotrophic fungi was weakly but significantly correlated with the geographical distance of plots. Taken together, our results indicate that both deterministic and stochastic processes structure soil fungal communities following landscape‐scale insect outbreaks and reflect the independent roles tree mortality, soil chemistry and geographical distance play in regulating the community composition of soil fungi.

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“…during outbreaks. Outbreaks have affected tens of millions of hectares in the beetle's native range of western North America over the past two decades (Aukema et al., ; Meddens, Hicke, & Ferguson, ), modifying forest resilience (Karst et al., ), carbon cycles (Hicke et al., ; Moore et al., ) and even weather (Maness, Kushner, & Fung, ). The mountain pine beetle's primary hosts in its native range include lodgepole ( Pinus contorta Dougl.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an aggressive bark beetle on novel hosts: Implications for outbreaks in an invaded range

Rosenberger

Venette

Aukema

2018

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Some subcortical insects have devastating effects on native tree communities in new ranges, despite benign interactions with their historical hosts. Examples of how insects, aggressive in their native habitat might respond in novel host environs are less common. One aggressive tree‐killing insect undergoing a dramatic range shift is the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins). Ongoing eastward expansion by the mountain pine beetle through the previously climatically unsuitable Canadian boreal forest may have large‐scale impacts on north eastern North American pine forests. No systematic studies have been conducted on potential reproduction of mountain pine beetle on pines common to north eastern North America. We report reproduction of mountain pine beetle in logs of novel pine species (jack, Pinus banksiana Lamb; red, Pinus resinosa Ait.; eastern white, Pinus strobus L.; and Scots Pinus sylvestris L.) compared to the two most common pine hosts in its historical range (ponderosa, Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex. Laws. var. scopulorum Engelm. and lodgepole Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) in a two year study. Successful reproduction of mountain pine beetle occurred in all novel hosts, demonstrating that constitutive defences pose no barrier to further range expansion. Despite the number of progeny in novel hosts on par with that of historical hosts, a greater number of adult brood in novel hosts died prior to emergence. Brood mortality was correlated with the number of brood that developed to adulthood prior to winter, particularly in red pine. Brood developed more rapidly in novel vs. historical pine hosts and, the summer after a warm fall, exhibited less synchronized emergence in novel hosts. Synthesis and applications. Outbreaks by an aggressive bark beetle may be possible outside its historical host range, but constrained by an interaction between host and seasonality. Our results suggest that pines common to north eastern North America are suitable hosts for mountain pine beetle and highlight the value of monitoring efforts and response preparations as the insect moves eastward.

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Ectomycorrhizal fungi mediate indirect effects of a bark beetle outbreak on secondary chemistry and establishment of pine seedlings

Cited by 53 publications

References 81 publications

Legacy effects of tree mortality mediated by ectomycorrhizal fungal communities

Legacy effects of tree mortality mediated by ectomycorrhizal fungal communities

Change in soil fungal community structure driven by a decline in ectomycorrhizal fungi following a mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreak

Development of an aggressive bark beetle on novel hosts: Implications for outbreaks in an invaded range

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