Ectomycorrhizas with Paxillus involutus enhance cadmium uptake and tolerance in Populus × canescens

Abstract

ABSTRACTuptake, transport and detoxification processes were increased in EMs compared to non-mycorrhizal roots. Higher CO2 assimilation, improved nutrient and carbohydrate status, and alleviated oxidative stress were found in mycorrhizal compared to non-mycorrhizal poplars despite higher Cd 2+ accumulation. These results indicate that mycorrhizas increase Cd 2+ uptake, probably by an enlarged root volume and overexpression of genes involved in Cd 2+ uptake and transport, and concurrently enhance Po. × canescens Cd tolerance by increased detoxification, improved nutrient and carbohydrate status and defence preparedness.

Influence of mycorrhizal inoculation on growth of micropropagated Populus × canescens lines in metal-contaminated soils

“…To date, few studies have reported on the effects of mycorrhizal fungi on the acclimatization of microplants of forest trees to ex vitro conditions. A positive effect of in vitro ECM inoculation on poplar growth was previously reported for Populus tremula L. 9 Populus tremuloides Mich (Hampp et al 1996;Loewe et al 2000) and for P. 9 canescens (Gafur et al 2004;Li et al 2012;Ma et al 2014). Inoculation of microplants ex vitro with mycorrhizal fungi has been shown to improve poplar survival rate, health status, and growth post-acclimatization (Langer et al 2008).…”

“…Both, ectomycorrhizal (ECM) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) associations may play an important role in establishment of vegetation in highly polluted soils (Turnau et al 2006). The ability to accumulate and detoxify heavy metals show ECM fungi (Turnau et al 1996;Rudawska and Leski 2005;Ott et al 2002;Luo et al 2014;Ma et al 2014) and AM fungi (Joner et al 2000;Hildebrandt et al 2007;Bissonnette et al 2010;Bothe et al 2010;Cicatelli et al 2014). Mycorrhizal fungi can also enhance the host plant tolerance by influence on its defence genes ).…”

“…ECM symbionts can influence physiological and molecular processes of the poplar and modify mechanism of heavy metal detoxification . No data were reported yet on a contribution of AM fungi in colonization of P. 9 canescens roots, but in several studies of P. 9 canescens microplants or cuttings have been colonized effectively with ECM fungi (Gafur et al 2004;Langenfeld-Heyser et al 2007;Luo et al 2009b;Li et al 2012;Ma et al 2014). Species and strains of mycorrhizal fungi vary in their ability to develop mycorrhizal symbiosis with tree microplants (Gafur et al 2004;Luo et al 2009a, b), in their tolerance to toxic metals (Blaudez et al 2000;Ma et al 2014;Luo et al 2014), and in their capacity for metal accumulation and detoxification (Rudawska and Leski 2005;Baldrian 2009;Luo et al 2011).…”

“…Species and strains of mycorrhizal fungi vary in their ability to develop mycorrhizal symbiosis with tree microplants (Gafur et al 2004;Luo et al 2009a, b), in their tolerance to toxic metals (Blaudez et al 2000;Ma et al 2014;Luo et al 2014), and in their capacity for metal accumulation and detoxification (Rudawska and Leski 2005;Baldrian 2009;Luo et al 2011). Choosing compatible and efficient mycorrhizal symbionts (species/isolates) is required to ameliorate successfully the negative impacts of toxic contaminants on plants (Gafur et al 2004;Timonen et al 2008;Li et al 2012;Polle et al 2013;Ma et al 2014).…”

Adaptation of Selected Ectomycorrhizal Fungi to Increased Concentration of Cadmium and Lead

“…This is well documented in wooden plants that go into the mutualistic mycorrhizal symbiosis and produce ectomycorrizal roots which preserve, store and exchange mineral salts and water [9]. It has been shown that this type of plant association with fungi significantly enhance their tolerance to toxic concentration of heavy metals in soil [10][11][12][13].…”