Ectoparasites (Mallophaga, Anoplura, Acari) on Mule Deer, Odocoileus Hemionus, and White-Tailed Deer, Odocoileus Virginianus, of Alberta, Canada

Samuel, William; Grinnell, Elizabeth; Kennedy, Anna

doi:10.1093/jmedent/17.1.15

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Both larvae and nymphs feed and moult on one individual host (Bishopp and Trembley 1945). In Canada, winter ticks have also been collected from a variety of other mammals including: mule deer, Odocoileus hemionus (Rafinesque) (Samuel et al 1981;Welch et al 1991;Wilkinson 1970), white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann) (Gregson 1956), woodland caribou, Rangifer tarandus caribou (Gmelin), reindeer, Rangifer tarandus tarandus (Linnaeus) (Welch et al 1990), plains buffalo or bison, Bison bison bison (Linnaeus), wood buffalo or bison, B. b. athabascae Rhoads and mountain sheep, Ovis canadensis Shaw. Among domestic animals, horses and cattle are occasionally severely infested (Bruce 1927;Cameron and Fulton 1927;Bishopp and Trembley 1945).…”

Section: D B Amentioning

confidence: 99%

The Biological Survey of Canada: A Personal History

Danks¹

2017

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Section: D B Amentioning

confidence: 99%

The Biological Survey of Canada: A Personal History

Danks¹

2017

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“…Our finding of higher winter tick loads where moose shared winter range with other wild ungulates supports speculation by Welch et al (1991) that offspring of ticks hosted by one species may use hosts of another. As a generalist parasite species, winter ticks are known to infect other ungulates sympatric with moose in this region, including elk, mule deer ( O. hemionus ), and white‐tailed deer ( O. virginianus ; Haley et al, 2021; Samuel et al, 1980). Experimental studies indicate that moose carry the higher per capita tick loads relative to other ungulate species (Welch et al, 1991), but it remains uncertain whether other ungulates occurring at higher densities might yet make important contributions to tick populations in shared range.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Warm places, warm years, and warm seasons increase parasitizing of moose by winter ticks

DeCesare,

Harris,

Atwood

et al. 2024

Ecosphere

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Observed links between parasites, such as ticks, and climate change have aroused concern for human health, wildlife population dynamics, and broader ecosystem effects. The one‐host life history of the winter tick (Dermacentor albipictus) links each annual cohort to environmental conditions during three specific time periods when they are predictably vulnerable: spring detachment from hosts, summer larval stage, and fall questing for hosts. We used mixed‐effects generalized linear models to investigate the drivers of tick loads carried by moose (Alces alces) relative to these time periods and across 750 moose, 10 years, and 16 study areas in the western United States. We tested for the effects of biotic factors (moose density, shared winter range, vegetation, migratory behavior) and weather conditions (temperature, snow, humidity) during each seasonal period when ticks are vulnerable and off‐host. We found that warm climatic regions, warm seasonal periods across multiple partitions of the annual tick life cycle, and warm years relative to long‐term averages each contributed to increased tick loads. We also found important effects of snow and other biotic factors such as host density and vegetation. Tick loads in the western United States were, on average, lower than those where tick‐related die‐offs in moose populations have occurred recently, but loads carried by some individuals may be sufficient to cause mortality. Lastly, we found interannual variation in tick loads to be most correlated with spring snowpack, suggesting this environmental component may have the highest potential to induce change in tick load dynamics in the immediate future of this region.

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“…is an undetermined species of chewing louse and an exotic species for black‐tailed deer, resulting in HLS from excessive grooming response (Robison ). Endemic chewing lice are typically not inimical to their host (Samuel and Trainer , Watson and Anderson , Samuel et al ), but heavy infestations have been associated with poor health and decreased weight gain in cattle (Yager and Scott ) and decreased wool quality in sheep (Wilkinson et al ). Black‐tailed deer are a naïve host and poorly adapted to the impact of a non‐native parasite, particularly as louse density is significant in the winter and early spring (Robison , Mertins et al ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of hair loss syndrome on black-tailed deer fawn survival

et al. 2014

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Recent declines in black‐tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) populations in Washington have been attributed partly to low recruitment. However, sparse information exists regarding fawn survival and factors affecting recruitment. During 2006–2009, we captured 228 fawns on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington, USA, to determine sources of fawn mortality, estimate survival rates, identify factors influencing survival rates, assess the influence of hair loss syndrome (HLS) on winter survival, and estimate population growth. We used known fate modeling in Program MARK to estimate survival rates to age 50 weeks and to 9 weeks by developing 2 candidate a priori model sets. We recorded 129 mortalities; predation was the leading cause (74%). Mountain lions (Puma concolor) and bobcats (Lynx rufus) were the most common predators. The survival rate to 50 weeks was 0.33 (95% CI = 0.24–0.43); survival differed between capture years and was age dependent, with fawns being most vulnerable to mortality during the first 9 weeks then again during the winter. The survival rate to 9 weeks was 0.65 (95% CI = 0.60–0.68), and our results suggested that an interaction between age and birth mass influenced survival. A posteriori modeling indicated that greater body mass and earlier birth date also influenced survival over the first 9 weeks of life. Fawns afflicted with HLS had lower survival rates than non‐afflicted fawns (P = 0.018) during winter. Poor body condition, based on femur marrow assessment, was a factor in 89% of fawns that died over winter. We estimated the growth of the population to be stationary at λ = 1.0. Estimates of lambda increased 3% when survival was modified to assume HLS was not a factor. We conclude that fawn mortality during the first 9 weeks followed by a significant increase in winter mortality, exacerbated by HLS, combine to limit black‐tailed deer population growth. Inherent nutritional limitations in summer forage may have influenced survival of many fawns, pre‐disposing them to mortality during the summer and winter. Wildlife managers can use this information to improve population modeling and management of black‐tailed deer populations afflicted with HLS. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.

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Ectoparasites (Mallophaga, Anoplura, Acari) on Mule Deer, Odocoileus Hemionus, and White-Tailed Deer, Odocoileus Virginianus, of Alberta, Canada

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

The Biological Survey of Canada: A Personal History

The Biological Survey of Canada: A Personal History

Warm places, warm years, and warm seasons increase parasitizing of moose by winter ticks

Influence of hair loss syndrome on black-tailed deer fawn survival

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