Ectophosphodiesterase/nucleotide phosphohydrolase (Enpp) nucleotidases: cloning, conservation and developmental restriction

Massé, Karine; Bhamra, Surinder; Allsop, Gavin; Dale, Nicholas; Jones, Elizabeth A.

doi:10.1387/ijdb.092879km

Cited by 31 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Enpp2 is expressed throughout Xenopus development and enriched in the neural plate of neurulae, then the anterior nervous system and neural crest following the completion of neurulation (Massé et al, 2010b). The most obvious defect that we observed following AMO injection was truncation of the anteroposterior axis, which was often accompanied by defects in anterior neural tube closure.…”

Section: Lpa Is Required For Anterior Neural Developmentmentioning

confidence: 80%

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An essential role for LPA signalling in telencephalon development

et al. 2014

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There was an error published in Development 141, 940-949.Supplementary figures S3, S4 and S5 were incorrect and have been replaced. The authors apologise to readers for this mistake. ABSTRACT Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) has wide-ranging effects on many different cell types, acting through G-protein-coupled receptors such as LPAR6. We show that Xenopus lpar6 is expressed from late blastulae and is enriched in the mesoderm and dorsal ectoderm of early gastrulae. Expression in gastrulae is an early response to FGF signalling. Transcripts for lpar6 are enriched in the neural plate of Xenopus neurulae and loss of function caused forebrain defects, with reduced expression of telencephalic markers (foxg1, emx1 and nkx2-1). Midbrain (en2) and hindbrain (egr2) markers were unaffected. Foxg1 expression requires LPAR6 within ectoderm and not mesoderm. Head defects caused by LPAR6 loss of function were enhanced by co-inhibiting FGF signalling, with defects extending into the hindbrain (en2 and egr2 expression reduced). This is more severe than expected from simple summation of individual defects, suggesting that LPAR6 and FGF have overlapping or partially redundant functions in the anterior neural plate. We observed similar defects in forebrain development in loss-of-function experiments for ENPP2, an enzyme involved in the synthesis of extracellular LPA. Our study demonstrates a role for LPA in early forebrain development.

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Section: Lpa Is Required For Anterior Neural Developmentmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Xenopus enpp2 is expressed throughout development and transcripts are enriched in the nervous system of neurulae (Massé et al, 2010b). An AMO targeting the translational start site of both enpp2a and enpp2b was designed (Fig.…”

Section: Inhibition Of Enpp2 Disrupts Forebrain Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

An essential role for LPA signalling in telencephalon development

et al. 2014

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“…10). In Xenopus, each gene displays a distinct specific expression pattern during development and in the adult [438]. E-NPPs from the nematode C. elegans share between 18 and 33 % amino acid similarity with human E-NPPs.…”

Section: Phylogenetic Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular function and molecular structure of ecto-nucleotidases

Zimmermann

Zebisch

Sträter

2012

Purinergic Signalling

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Ecto-nucleotidases play a pivotal role in purinergic signal transmission. They hydrolyze extracellular nucleotides and thus can control their availability at purinergic P2 receptors. They generate extracellular nucleosides for cellular reuptake and salvage via nucleoside transporters of the plasma membrane. The extracellular adenosine formed acts as an agonist of purinergic P1 receptors. They also can produce and hydrolyze extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate that is of major relevance in the control of bone mineralization. This review discusses and compares four major groups of ectonucleotidases: the ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases, ecto-5′-nucleotidase, ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases, and alkaline phosphatases. Only recently and based on crystal structures, detailed information regarding the spatial structures and catalytic mechanisms has become available for members of these four ecto-nucleotidase families. This permits detailed predictions of their catalytic mechanisms and a comparison between the individual enzyme groups. The review focuses on the principal biochemical, cell biological, catalytic, and structural properties of the enzymes and provides brief reference to tissue distribution, and physiological and pathophysiological functions.

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“…These include members of the E-NTPDase (ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase) family and the E-NPP (ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase) family. Ecto-5´-nucleotidase (ecto-5´-NT) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) also catalyze the degradation of ATP to ADO (for review, see [16,17]). …”

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confidence: 99%

Nucleotides and nucleoside signaling in the regulation of the epithelium to mesenchymal transition (EMT)

Martinez-Ramirez

Dı́az-Muñoz

Butanda-Ochoa

et al. 2016

Purinergic Signalling

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The epithelium-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important process of cell plasticity, consisting in the loss of epithelial identity and the gain of mesenchymal characteristics through the coordinated activity of a highly regulated informational program. Although it was originally described in the embryonic development, an important body of information supports its role in pathology, mainly in cancerous and fibrotic processes. The purinergic system of inter-cellular communication, mainly based in ATP and adenosine acting throughout their specific receptors, has emerged as a potent regulator of the EMT in several pathological entities. In this context, cellular signaling associated to purines is opening the understanding of a new element in the complex regulatory network of this phenotypical differentiation process. In this review, we have summarized recent information about the role of ATP and adenosine in EMT, as a growing field with high therapeutic potential.Keywords P2 receptors . P1 receptors . Purinergic signaling . Cell migration . EMTThe purinergic system of intercellular communication General aspects The term purine (from: pure urine) was created more than 130 years ago by Emil Fischer after detailed analytical characterization of the uric acid molecule [1]. Purine molecular structure is the result of fusing pyrimidine and imidazole rings, and it exists as four N-H tautomeric forms [2]. Tautomerism of purine bases in DNA is one of the earliest reasons for mutations [3][4][5]. The interconversion of the different adenine or guanine tautomers produced mispairing with pyrimidines (which also show tautomeric forms) that may lead to changes in DNA sequence [6].Purine molecules appeared very early in the history of our planet, in the period known as Borganic evolution^, before the establishment of living systems. It has been postulated that purines could be formed by a eutectic (denoting a mixture of substances in fixed proportions that melts and freezes at a single temperature that is lower than the melting points of any of the separate constituents) concentration of HCN at extremely low temperature over a period of dozens of years [7]. Purine molecules, such as adenine and guanine, are components of the genetic material (DNA and RNA) of all living beings. Purine and pyrimidine tautomeric equilibria in nucleic acids was postulated to be significant in events such as DNA replication and repair as well as in the occurrence of point mutations [8].As nucleosides and nucleotides, purines play other highly strategic roles, acting as energy intermediates, allosteric regulators of key metabolic activities, redox molecules, and chemical messengers for signal transduction events. The two most important purines serving as extracellular ligands for paracrine and autocrine signaling are ATP and its dephosphorylated form, adenosine (ADO). ATP and ADO act as intracellular intermediate metabolites, and their presence in the

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Ectophosphodiesterase/nucleotide phosphohydrolase (Enpp) nucleotidases: cloning, conservation and developmental restriction

Cited by 31 publications

References 68 publications

An essential role for LPA signalling in telencephalon development

An essential role for LPA signalling in telencephalon development

Cellular function and molecular structure of ecto-nucleotidases

Nucleotides and nucleoside signaling in the regulation of the epithelium to mesenchymal transition (EMT)

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