Ectopic Fat Accumulation and Glucose Homeostasis: Role of Leptin in Glucose and Lipid Metabolism and Mass Maintenance in Skeletal Muscle

Morioka, Tomoaki; Mori, Katsuhito; Motoyama, Koka; Emoto, Masanori

doi:10.1007/978-4-431-55720-3_14

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…More than 20 years ago, leptin and its receptors were identified as key regulators of body weight and energy homeostasis. A minor increase in leptin concentration reduces the appetite and leads to a decrease in body weight;3 however, in obesity, despite increased leptin concentration, the efficacy of the anorexic effect of leptin is decreased,1,3 with leptin resistance developing due to a defect in intracellular signaling associated with the leptin receptor or decreases in leptin transport across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) 4. Clear criteria for defining leptin resistance and its diagnostic use have not been established.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Leptin resistance: underlying mechanisms and diagnosis</p>

Груздева

Бородкина

Uchasova

et al. 2019

DMSO

221

176

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Leptin and its receptors have been identified as key regulators of body weight and energy homeostasis. A decrease in tissue sensitivity to leptin leads to the development of obesity and metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Mechanisms underlying the development of leptin resistance include mutations in the genes encoding leptin and its receptors, as well as proteins involved in self-regulation of leptin synthesis and blood–brain barrier permeability. Leptin resistance encompasses a complex pathophysiological phenomenon with a number of potential research lines. In this review, we analyze the existing data on the methods used to diagnose leptin resistance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Leptin resistance: underlying mechanisms and diagnosis</p>

Груздева

Бородкина

Uchasova

et al. 2019

DMSO

221

176

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“…As explained previously, circulating acetate promotes anorexigenic effects partly through the release of leptin from mesenteric adipocytes. However, while leptin concentrations are elevated in obese patients, the efficacy of the anorexigenic effect of leptin is decreased during obesity (leptin resistance) [62,63]. Another study suggested that dietary non-digestible carbohydrates promote L cell differentiation in the colon of rats [64].…”

Section: The Role Of Scfas In Host Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysbiotic Gut Bacteria in Obesity: An Overview of the Metabolic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives of Next-Generation Probiotics

2022

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Obesity, a worldwide health concern with a constantly rising prevalence, is a multifactorial chronic disease associated with a wide range of physiological disruptions, including energy imbalance, central appetite and food reward dysregulation, and hormonal alterations and gut dysbiosis. The gut microbiome is a well-recognized factor in the pathophysiology of obesity, and its influence on host physiology has been extensively investigated over the last decade. This review highlights the mechanisms by which gut dysbiosis can contribute to the pathophysiology of obesity. In particular, we discuss gut microbiota’s contribution to host energy homeostatic changes, low-grade inflammation, and regulation of fat deposition and bile acid metabolism via bacterial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, and bacterial components, such as lipopolysaccharides, among others. Finally, therapeutic strategies based on next-generation probiotics aiming to re-shape the intestinal microbiota and reverse metabolic alterations associated with obesity are described.

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“…Elevated levels of leptin reduce appetite and body weight (3). Obesity is associated with leptin resistance due to either a defect in leptin receptor's intracellular signaling or decreased leptin transport across the BBB (155,(157)(158)(159).…”

Section: Leptinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microglial adipobiology: a new concept for understanding the adipose tissue-brain crosstalk in health and disease

Zhelezov

2019

Adipobiology

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This article proposes the concept of "microglial adipobiology" as a new theoretical framework for the crosstalk between the adipose tissue and the central nervous system in health and disease. It reviews an important mechanistic link, explaining the neuropsychiatric complications of obesity, including the role of adipose-secreted signaling proteins (adipokines) and adipose-derived stem cells in influencing microglial function and neuroinflammation. An increasing body of evidence suggests that neuroinflammation mediated by microglia, macrophage-like cells in the brain, plays a contributory role in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases. The specific positive and negative effects of the major types of dietary fats are also discussed in the case of obesogenic and ketogenic diets. Furthermore, it explores the effects of microglial cells on adipose tissue via modulating the central control of energy homeostasis in the hypothalamus and proposes the concept of "transgenerational adipobiology" as a framework explaining the neurological and metabolic complications of the offspring of obese mothers. Finally, potential directions for future therapeutic interventions are considered.

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Ectopic Fat Accumulation and Glucose Homeostasis: Role of Leptin in Glucose and Lipid Metabolism and Mass Maintenance in Skeletal Muscle

Cited by 9 publications

References 68 publications

<p>Leptin resistance: underlying mechanisms and diagnosis</p>

<p>Leptin resistance: underlying mechanisms and diagnosis</p>

Dysbiotic Gut Bacteria in Obesity: An Overview of the Metabolic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives of Next-Generation Probiotics

Microglial adipobiology: a new concept for understanding the adipose tissue-brain crosstalk in health and disease

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