Ectopic fat storage in heart, blood vessels and kidneys in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases

Montani, Jean‐Pierre; Carroll, Joan F.; Dwyer, Terry; Antic, Vladan; Yang, Zhihong; Dulloo, Abdul G.

doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802858

Cited by 240 publications

(206 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…17 Furthermore, in obesity, increased fat deposition has also been noted peri-vascularly and peri-cardially and within myocytes. 18 It has been suggested that this may contribute to vascular stiffness, cardiac dysfunction, hypertension, atherosclerosis and sodium retention, which are all characteristics of the cardiovascular disease observed in obese subjects. 18 …”

Section: A Changing View Of Adiposity Through the Agesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Once fat was fat and that was that : our changing perspectives on adipose tissue

Ferris

Crowther

2011

CardioVascular Journal of Africa

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Past civilisations saw excess body fat as a symbol of wealth and prosperity as the general population struggled with food shortages and famine. Nowadays it is recognised that obesity is associated with co-morbidities such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Our views on the roll of adipose tissue have also changed, from being solely a passive energy store, to an important endocrine organ that modulates metabolism, immunity and satiety. The relationship between increased visceral adiposity and obesity-related co-morbidities has lead to the recognition that variation in fat distribution contributes to ethnic differences in the prevalence of obesity-related diseases. Our current negative view of adipose tissue may change with the use of pluripotent adipose-derived stromal cells, which may lead to future autologous stem cell therapies for bone, muscle, cardiac and cartilage disorders. Here, we briefly review the concepts that adipose tissue is an endocrine organ, that differences in body fat distribution underline the aetiology of obesity-related co-morbidities, and the use of adipose-derived stem cells for future therapies.

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Section: A Changing View Of Adiposity Through the Agesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 It has been suggested that this may contribute to vascular stiffness, cardiac dysfunction, hypertension, atherosclerosis and sodium retention, which are all characteristics of the cardiovascular disease observed in obese subjects. 18 …”

Section: A Changing View Of Adiposity Through the Agesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Once fat was fat and that was that : our changing perspectives on adipose tissue

Ferris

Crowther

2011

CardioVascular Journal of Africa

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“…52 This phenomenon of ectopic fat deposition can impair tissue and organ function in two possible ways. First, lipid accumulation can occur in non-adipose cells and may lead to cell dysfunction or cell death, a phenomenon known as lipotoxicity.…”

Section: Ectopic Fatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…54,55 High amounts of perivascular fat could also mechanically contribute to the increased vascular stiffness observed in obesity, whereas accumulation of fat within the renal sinus associated with the increased intraabdominal pressure of visceral obesity may compress the renal papilla, the renal vein and lymphatics vessels, altering intrarenal physical forces that favor sodium reabsorption and arterial hypertension. 52 Finally, the accumulation of adipose tissue surrounding skeletal muscle bundles, that is, intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), albeit in the thigh region, also has a strong association with insulin resistance. 56,57 IMAT may affect peripheral insulin dynamics by impairing muscle blood flow, reducing insulin diffusion capacity, increasing local concentrations of fatty acids or enhancing rates of lipolysis within skeletal muscle.…”

Section: Ectopic Fatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…53 Second, a substantial increase in the size of fat pads around key organs, although constituting a physical protection against external shock, could modify organ function either by simple physical compression or because peri-organ fat cells may secrete various locally functioning substances. 52 Increased epicardial fat pads associated with intramyocardial lipid deposition may lead to both systolic and diastolic dysfunctions, whereas accumulation of fat around blood vessels (perivascular fat) may affect vascular function in a paracrine manner, as perivascular fat cells secrete vascular relaxing factors, proatherogenic cytokines and smooth muscle cell growth factors. 54,55 High amounts of perivascular fat could also mechanically contribute to the increased vascular stiffness observed in obesity, whereas accumulation of fat within the renal sinus associated with the increased intraabdominal pressure of visceral obesity may compress the renal papilla, the renal vein and lymphatics vessels, altering intrarenal physical forces that favor sodium reabsorption and arterial hypertension.…”

Section: Ectopic Fatmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Body composition phenotypes in pathways to obesity and the metabolic syndrome

et al. 2010

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Dynamic changes in body weight have long been recognized as important indicators of risk for debilitating diseases. While weight loss or impaired growth can lead to muscle wastage, as well as to susceptibility to infections and organ dysfunctions, the development of excess fat predisposes to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, with insulin resistance as a central feature of the disease entities of the metabolic syndrome. Although widely used as the phenotypic expression of adiposity in population and gene-search studies, body mass index (BMI), that is, weight/height 2 (H 2 ), which was developed as an operational definition for classifying both obesity and malnutrition, has considerable limitations in delineating fat mass (FM) from fat-free mass (FFM), in particular at the individual level. After an examination of these limitations within the constraints of the BMI-FM% relationship, this paper reviews recent advances in concepts about health risks related to body composition phenotypes, which center upon (i) the partitioning of BMI into an FM index (FM/H 2 ) and an FFM index (FFM/H 2 ), (ii) the partitioning of FFM into organ mass and skeletal muscle mass, (iii) the anatomical partitioning of FM into hazardous fat and protective fat and (iv) the interplay between adipose tissue expandability and ectopic fat deposition within or around organs/tissues that constitute the lean body mass. These concepts about body composition phenotypes and health risks are reviewed in the light of race/ethnic variability in metabolic susceptibility to obesity and the metabolic syndrome.

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Tracing the evolution of fatty acid‐binding proteins (FABPs) in organisms with a heterogeneous fat distribution

Zhang

Ren

et al. 2020

FEBS Open Bio

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The distribution of fat among both invertebrate and vertebrate groups is heterogeneous. Studies have shown that fatty acid‐binding proteins (FABPs), which mainly bind and transport fatty acids, play important roles in the regulation of fat storage and distribution. However, the systematic and genome‐wide investigation of FABP genes in organisms with a heterogeneous fat distribution remains in its infancy. The availability of the complete genomes of Caenorhabditis elegans, Callorhinchus milii, and other organisms with a heterogeneous fat distribution allowed us to systematically investigate the gene structure and phylogeny of FABP genes across a wide range of phyla. In this study, we analyzed the number, structure, chromosomal location, and phylogeny of FABP genes in 18 organisms from C. elegans to Homo sapiens. A total of 12 types of FABP genes were identified in the 18 species, and no single organism exhibited all 12 fatty acid‐binding genes (FABPs). The absence of a specific FABP gene in tissue may be related to the absence of fat storage in the corresponding tissue. The genomic loci of the FABP genes were diverse, and their gene structures varied. The results of the phylogenetic analysis and the observation of conserved gene synthesis of FABP family genes/proteins suggest that all FABP genes may have evolved from a common ancestor through tandem duplication. This study not only lays a strong theoretical foundation for the study of fat deposition in different organisms, but also provides a new perspective regarding metabolic disease prevention and control and the improvement of agricultural product quality.

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Ectopic fat storage in heart, blood vessels and kidneys in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases

Cited by 240 publications

References 63 publications

Once fat was fat and that was that : our changing perspectives on adipose tissue

Once fat was fat and that was that : our changing perspectives on adipose tissue

Body composition phenotypes in pathways to obesity and the metabolic syndrome

Tracing the evolution of fatty acid‐binding proteins (FABPs) in organisms with a heterogeneous fat distribution

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