Ectopic pregnancy revisited in Benin City, Nigeria: analysis of 152 cases

Igbafe, A A

doi:10.1080/j.1600-0412.2002.811207.x

Cited by 15 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Pradhan et al is reporting that 49% of patients with ectopic pregnancy were nulliparous. (7) The peak age group was between 25 years and 29 years and the mean age was 29.52 and this factor is also comparable with other published studies (7,8) This finding maybe a reflection of the increase in the age at marriage. A definite change was seen in the following risk factorsprevious ectopic pregnancy, history of treatment for infertility, conception by artificial reproductive techniques, increase in the age at marriage and more nulliparous women developing ectopic pregnancy.…”

Section: Mode Of Presentation Number Percentagesupporting

confidence: 90%

Risk Factor Epidemiology of Ectopic Pregnancy and Success of Nonsurgical Management

C.P¹,

M.S²,

P.J³

2016

jebmh

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BACKGROUND Ectopic pregnancies are increasing in number and proportions. Real increase and better detection methods are contributing for this rise. All the cases diagnosed now are not surgical emergencies. Medical management and expectant line of management are possible. Revised clinical guidelines are there for the selection of cases for nonsurgical management. Knowledge about the risk factors is good for prophylaxis and to have a high suspicion about ectopic pregnancy in high-risk individuals. Knowing the success rate is absolutely essential for counselling before starting the therapy. Aim of the study-1. To study the risk factor profile of ectopic pregnancies and to compare them with the old data of the study setting. 2. To follow up the cases receiving nonsurgical treatment and to assess the success rate. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study Setting-Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Government Medical College, Kottayam. It is a tertiary care centre with 1500 beds and catering for the population of five districts of Kerala. Study Design-Observational Study Study Period-This study was completed by eighteen months from April 2014 to September 2015. RESULTS 219 cases of ectopic pregnancies were diagnosed during the study period. The ratio of this number with the total number of deliveries during that period is 3.48% and this is three times higher than that of the ratio twenty years ago (1.23%). Risk factor profile is also showing changes over this period. 15.1% had medical treatment and 11% had expectant line of therapy. Success rates are 87.87% and 95.65%, respectively.

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Section: Mode Of Presentation Number Percentagesupporting

confidence: 90%

Risk Factor Epidemiology of Ectopic Pregnancy and Success of Nonsurgical Management

C.P¹,

M.S²,

P.J³

2016

jebmh

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“…This macroscopic evidence of earlier pelvic inflammation was seen in 55.6%, a high rate when compared to 13.5% recorded in Ibadan (Ilesanmi, 1992), but similar to 54.9% recorded in Ilorin (Abdul, 2000) and 55% recorded in Lagos (Ola, 1999). Some authors have expressed the view that salpingitis as a consequence of induced abortion is a major aetiological factor in the high incidence of EP in Nigeria (Gharoro and Igbafe 2002, Oronsaye, 1979, Abdul, 2000. In some western countries, the chance that an abortion will result in ectopic pregnancy is negligible (Howie, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…In Asia, where incidence is often on total deliveries, hospital based rates of 0.6 to 1.3% have been reported (Arup et al, 2007, Tsai et al, 1995, Khaleeque et al, 2001. Hospital based studies in Africa have documented rates on total deliveries of 1.5% and 3.29% in Guinea (Thonneau et al, 2002) and Ghana (Obed, 2006) respectively; while in Nigeria, the reported rates range from 0.48% to 4.38% (Makinde and Ogunniyi, 1990, Aboyeji et al, 2002, Gharoro and Igbafe, 2002, Ilesanmi and Sobowale, 1992, Ola et al, 1999.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence Of Ectopic Pregnancy In Calabar, Nigeria: Two Halves Of The Last Decade Compared

Udo¹,

Ekott²,

Ekanem³

et al. 2009

gjcm

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Reports of a rising incidence of ectopic pregnancy (EP) in the country and beyond prompted this study to determine the incidence in Calabar over two time frames. Information from ward registers and case notes of EP patients who presented to the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital from 1991 to 1995 were analyzed and compared with records of those who presented from 1996 to 2000. In the second half of the study period, the incidence was 3.30 per 100 deliveries, significantly higher than 2.19% in the first (p = 0.0008). The mean age of EP patients was 26.2 (sd = 5.38), significantly lower than 28.8 (sd = 5.99) for women who delivered in the same period (p < 0.01), while the mean parity was 2.2 (sd = 2.15) significantly higher than 1.7 (sd = 1.90) for women who delivered in the same period (p = 0.01). The incidence was higher in the younger age groups (p = 0.000) with the highest of 5.81% recorded by age group 20-24. Conversely, it rose with parity (0.00002) to a peak of 5.03% at para 4. There was also a rise in their mean parity from 1.9 (sd = 2.08) in the first half to 2.4 (sd = 2.05) in the second (p < 0.05) and a rise in the prevalence of pelvic adhesions from 38.3% to 68.9% (p = 0.00) Rates of other documented risk factors were not significantly different in the two halves of the study (p > 0.05). The incidence of EP appears to be rising in Calabar and puerperal infections may be important in the rise. Population-based prospective studies are necessary to confirm the findings.

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“…Although the role of nitrate in drinking water as a risk for cancer is controversial, high levels of nitrate in drinking water have been associated with increased mortality [15], and incidences of some cancers and lesions [16]. Spontaneous abortion, ectopic pregnancy [17], malignant lymphomas [18,19], and soft tissues sarcomas [20] have been reported in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precipitation Chemistry and Occurrence of Acid Rain over the Oil-Producing Niger Delta Region of Nigeria

Nduka

Orisakwe

2010

The Scientific World JOURNAL

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This study investigated the nitrate, sulfate, total dissolved solid (TDS), electrical conductivity, total hardness (TH), and bicarbonates of rainwater samples collected from Warri and Port Harcourt between April–June, July–August, and September–October of 2005 and 2006 to depict onset of rainy season, mid-rainy season, and end of rainy season for the two major crude oil–producing cities of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria (although Port Harcourt is also noted for non-oil manufacturing industries). The same was done in Awka, a non-oil producing city in the hinterland of southeastern Nigeria. In each of the cities, rain samples were collected from three points in a triangular equilibrium using a clean plastic basin fastened to a table 2 m above ground level and 115 m away from tall buildings and trees. The parameters were determined after filtering, using their respective standard methods. Averages of 1.50, 1.81, 1.13 and 2.14, 1.50, 1.86 mg/l of nitrate for April–June, July–August, and September–October were recorded for Warri in 2005 and 2006, respectively. While 15.21, 3.23, 22.31 and 20.89, 9.96, and 14.27 mg/l were recorded in Port Harcourt. Sulfate levels for Warri and Port Harcourt for the same periods are follows: 1.38, 1.88, 1.06, 1.50, 1.43, 1.50 and 2.64, 1.15, 5.88, 4.73, 1.90, 1.55 mg/l, respectively. Nitrate levels were higher than sulfate. Other parameters include TDS (5.44, 4.79, 3.30 and 7.63, 3.69, 2.56 mg/l for Warri in 2005 and 2006; 12.57, 2.07, 25.214 and 28.87, 6.73, 7.80 mg/l for Port Harcourt for the same periods). Other parameters also varied in that order for the 2 years in same cities. Crude oil exploration and gas flaring in the Niger Delta, and multiplicity of cottage industries in Awka, impacted on the inorganic ion pollution of the rainwater. This may have public health implications in the region.

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Ectopic pregnancy revisited in Benin City, Nigeria: analysis of 152 cases

Cited by 15 publications

References 8 publications

Risk Factor Epidemiology of Ectopic Pregnancy and Success of Nonsurgical Management

Risk Factor Epidemiology of Ectopic Pregnancy and Success of Nonsurgical Management

Incidence Of Ectopic Pregnancy In Calabar, Nigeria: Two Halves Of The Last Decade Compared

Precipitation Chemistry and Occurrence of Acid Rain over the Oil-Producing Niger Delta Region of Nigeria

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