Ectopic production of prolactin by colorectal adenocarcinoma

Jm, Bhatavdekar; Patel, Devendra D.; Chikhlikar, Priya R.; Shah, Neelam G.; Vora, Hemangini H.; Ghosh, Nandita; Trivedi, Trupti

doi:10.1007/bf02234833

Cited by 35 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Ectopic production is commonly seen in several tumor types. It has been observed that PRL and HGH are produced by tongue tumors [12] , and colorectal carcinoma cells [13] . Ectopically produced PRL may act as a major local growth promoter via autocrine and paracrine mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormone Expression in Melanomas Related to Tumor Angiogenesis

Iyengar¹

2012

JST

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Background: Vicarious production of pituitary hormones by malignant tumors is a well-known phenomenon. Prolactin (PRL), human growth hormone (HGH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) expression has been reported in malignant melanoma tumor cell lines. The present study examines the pattern of expression of the hormones ACTH, PRL and HGH in melanoma with regard to tumor growth and differentiation in relation to angiogenesis. Methods:During angiogenesis the tumor cells encircle a central vessel in layers to form a tumor-vascular-complex (TVC) with a central vessel and a mantle of 5 to 6 layers. Hormone expression is assessed by immunopositivity for PRL, HGH, and ACTH in the tumor-vascular complexes, on serial frozen and paraffin sections and subjected to statistical analysis (t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test). Results:As two layers accrue the tumor cells acquire PRL and HGH positivity and are associated with a wave of mitotic activity in these layers. Further addition of layers shows ACTH positivity in the outer layers in association with pigmentation.Discussion: There is a coordinated growth of melanoma cells around neovascular channels, the cell cycle of malignant melanocytes being orchestrated by the three pituitary hormones, PRL, HGH and ACTH. The expression of PRL and HGH is related to mitotic activity while ACTH and pigment indicate differentiated function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormone Expression in Melanomas Related to Tumor Angiogenesis

Iyengar¹

2012

JST

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“…[18][19][20] The first study assessed prolactin receptor protein by radioligand assay using 125 I-hGH. Tumor specimens of 71 male patients were analyzed and prolactin receptor was found to be positive in 36 (51%) patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a second study, the same group of authors noted prolactin receptor immunoreactivity in 26 out of 56 (46%) tumors. 19 The authors used a monoclonal mouse anti-human prolactin receptor antibody different from the one used in our study, which may have accounted for the low prevalence of prolactin receptor expression. Data were not correlated with follow-up in this analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The expression of prolactin receptor in primary colorectal cancer has so far been analyzed by three studies, reporting significant higher level of prolactin receptor protein and mRNA expression in cancer tissue as compared with normal colorectal tissue. [18][19][20] A systematic correlation of prolactin receptor expression with other tumor variables including analysis of prognostic impact is currently lacking.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Clinicopathological significance of prolactin receptor expression in colorectal carcinoma and corresponding metastases

et al. 2010

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The role of human prolactin and its receptor, the prolactin receptor, in colorectal cancer is largely unknown. Our study aimed to assess the prevalence of prolactin receptor expression, its association with clinicopathological variables, as well as its prognostic value, comparing results of primary tissues with those of corresponding metastases. In all, 373 primary colorectal cancer and 171 corresponding metastases were evaluated for prolactin receptor expression by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray technique. Immunoreactivity was semiquantitatively scored as either focal (o10% of tumor cells positive), moderate (10-50%), or extensive (450%). Prolactin receptor expression was related to clinicopathological parameters as well as patient outcome. To substantiate our findings, prolactin receptor expression was additionally assessed in HT-29 and SW-480 colorectal cancer cell lines using western blot. Prolactin receptor expression was observed in 360 out of 373 (97%) primary tumors, with 21 (6%) cases showing focal, 55 (15%) moderate, and 284 (76%) extensive expression, respectively. Extensive prolactin receptor expression was significantly associated with tumor size (P ¼ 0.002) and grade (Po0.001) as well as histological subtype (Po0.001). Somer's D coefficients for concordance of primary tumors with corresponding lymph node and distant metastases were D ¼ 0.719 (Po0.001) and D ¼ 0.535 (P ¼ 0.001), respectively. Extensive prolactin receptor expression was significantly associated with disease progression (P ¼ 0.03) and cancer-specific survival (P ¼ 0.04) in patients with highgrade cancers. In conclusion, prolactin receptor expression is common in colorectal cancer, with high concordance between primary tumors and corresponding metastases. In view of evolving targeted therapy concepts in colorectal cancer, widespread prolactin receptor expression may offer a therapeutic perspective in affected patients.

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“…Ectopic production is commonly seen in several tumor types. It has been observed that PRL and HGH are produced by tongue tumors [105], and colorectal carcinoma cells [106]. Ectopically produced PRL may act as a major local growth promoter via autocrine and paracrine mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%