“…Larvae of ectoprocts and entoprocts have multiciliated neuronal cells and other multiciliated cell types involved in various sensory, feeding, and locomotory functions (Fuchs & Wanninger, 2008;Santagata, 2008aSantagata, , 2008bWanninger et al, 2007). The nonfeeding larval forms of cheilostome bryozoans and the creeping larval types of both solitary and colonial entoprocts share more morphological similarities, as these short-lived larvae are mainly adapted for ciliary swimming, crawling, and responding to various kinds of external stimuli before metamorphosis (Santagata, 2008a(Santagata, , 2008b(Santagata, , 2015bWanninger, 2015). Internal structures of the nervous systems and other tissues among these larval forms are quite different (Santagata, 2015b;Wanninger, 2015), supporting the hypothesis that their shared external larval features have been acquired as the result of convergent evolution possibly due to functional constraints of ciliary-based propulsion (Emlet, 1994).…”