Key-words:
Pacifastacus leniusculus, Procambarus clarkii, desiccation survival, invasive species, dispersalThe signal crayfish, P. leniusculus and the red swamp crayfish, P. clarkii are two invasive crayfish species with widely world distribution, being both present at Iberian Peninsula. In this work we study the desiccation survival capacities of both species at 24 • C. Our results showed that both species are capable of surviving exposure to air for long periods of time, with an LT 90 of 17.6 and 21.5 h, respectively, for red swamp crayfish and signal crayfish. Our findings are in accordance with the great overland dispersal capacities attributed to these crayfish species.
RÉSUMÉ
Capacités de survie à la dessiccation des deux espèces d'écrevisses invasives
Mots-clés :Pacifastacus leniusculus, Procambarus clarkii, survie à la dessiccation, espèces envahissantes, dispersion L'écrevisse signal, Pacifastacus leniusculus et l'écrevisse rouge des marais, Procambarus clarkii sont deux espèces d'écrevisses exotiques avec une distribution mondiale, toutes deux présentes dans la péninsule ibérique. Dans ce travail, nous étudions la capacité de survie à la dessiccation de P. clarkii à 24 • C et 30 % d'humidité relative et de P. leniusculus également à 24 • C, mais à une humidité relative de 50 %. Nos résultats ont montré que les deux espèces sont capables de survivre à l'exposition à l'air pendant de longues périodes de temps, avec une LT 90 de 17,6 et 21,5 h pour l'écrevisse rouge des marais et l'écrevisse signal, respectivement. Nos résultats sont en accord avec les grandes capacités de dispersion par voie terrestre attribuées à ces espèces d'écrevisse.Crayfish are one of the most commonly introduced freshwater organisms and are responsible for declines and extinctions of native species throughout the world (Guan and Wiles, 1997;Lodge et al., 1998Lodge et al., , 2000Nyström et al., 2001, Westman et al., 2002. The signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana, 1852) and the red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) are two North America native crayfish species with worldwide distribution due to their economic importance, but also due to their high dispersal abilities, fast growing populations and wide niches (Hobbs et al., 1989). Severe negative impacts on invaded areas are attributed to these two crayfish species, such as competition with native species (Nyström, 1999), dissemination of the crayfish plague (Diéguez-Uribeondo et al., 1997), habitat and ecosystem changes (Geiger et al., 2005), negative effects on amphibian populations (Nyström, 1999; Cruz et al., 2008) and losses on economic activities such as rice production (Anastácio et al., 2005). In the Iberian Peninsula these two crayfish were first introduced into Spain nearly at the same time, P. clarkii in 1973 and P. leniusculus in 1974 respectively, for aquaculture purposes (Diéguez-Uribeondo et al., 1997;Alonso et al., 2000). In Portugal, the fist records of these species were in 1979 for P. clarkii in the Caia river (Ramos and Perei...