Eczema-protective probiotic alters infant gut microbiome functional capacity but not composition: sub-sample analysis from a RCT

Murphy, Rinki; Morgan, Xochitl C.; Wang, X.Y.; Wickens, Kristin; Purdie, Gordon; Fitzharris, Penny; Otal, Anna; Lawley, Blair; Stanley, Thorsten; Barthow, Christine; Crane, Julian; Mitchell, Edwin A.; Tannock, Gerald W.

doi:10.3920/bm2017.0191

Cited by 34 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…microbiota complexity has been recorded in several studies. 8,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] Effects of delivery mode 7,8,10,29,30 and infant nutrition (duration of breastfeeding) 28,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] have also been reported by others, and are confirmed in our study. The predominance of bifidobacteria (OTU0001) in our study at 3M regardless of the type of nutrition (breast milk, formula milk, or combined) could be due to the use of fructo-and/or galacto-oligosaccharides containing formula milks in Singapore.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Ethnic diversity in infant gut microbiota is apparent before the introduction of complementary diets

Lawley

Wong

et al. 2020

Gut Microbes

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The human gut microbiota develops soon after birth and can acquire inter-individual variation upon exposure to intrinsic and environmental cues. However, inter-individual variation has not been comprehensively assessed in a multi-ethnic study. We studied a longitudinal birth cohort of 106 infants of three Asian ethnicities (Chinese, Malay, and Indian) that resided in the same geographical location (Singapore). Specific and temporal influences of ethnicity, mode of delivery, breastfeeding status, gestational age, birthweight, gender, and maternal education on the development of the gut microbiota in the first 2 years of life were studied. Mode of delivery, breastfeeding status, and ethnicity were identified as the main factors influencing the compositional development of the gut microbiota. Effects of delivery mode and breastfeeding status lasted until 6M and 3M, respectively, with the primary impact on the diversity and temporal colonization of the genera Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium. The effect of ethnicity was apparent at 3M post-birth, even before the introduction of weaning (complementary) foods, and remained significant after adjusting for delivery mode and breastfeeding status. Ethnic influences remained significant until 12M in the Indian and Chinese infants. The microbiota of Indian infants was characterized by higher abundances of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, while Chinese infants had higher abundances of Bacteroides and Akkermansia. These findings provide a detailed insight into the specific and temporal influences of early life factors and ethnicity in the development of the human gut microbiota. Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov registration no. NCT01174875.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Ethnic diversity in infant gut microbiota is apparent before the introduction of complementary diets

Lawley

Wong

et al. 2020

Gut Microbes

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“…Previous studies have shown a significant effect on preventing eczema in infants only when mixed strains ( Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium ) were used [ 26 ]. However, there are contradictions between the results of this study and other findings [ 19 , 27 ]. Besides, only a few meta-analyses have explored the preventive effect of mixed strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium on eczema in infants under three years old.…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the high heterogeneity, we conducted a sensitivity analysis and excluded the studies one by one. After further excluding Allen et al’s [ 27 ] and Soh et al’s [ 35 ] study, the combined effect value was still significant ( p < 0.001) and the heterogeneity decreased from 67% to 0%. Therefore, we determined that these two studies were the source of heterogeneity ( Figure 4 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Can Mixed Strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium Reduce Eczema in Infants under Three Years of Age? A Meta-Analysis

et al. 2021

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(1) Background: Whether early supplementation of probiotics to improve intestinal flora can effectively prevent eczema remains a controversial issue. We aimed to investigate the effect of a mixed strain of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium on eczema in infants under three years old at present; (2) Methods: We searched the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, as well as National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WeiPu (VIP), and WanFang Data (WanFang) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of probiotics in the prevention of eczema in infants without language restriction. The main outcome was eczema incidence, while adverse events during the intervention constituted the secondary outcome. The random-/fixed-effects model was utilized to calculate the combined relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The methodological quality of the study was evaluated using the Cochrane “bias risk” tool. According to the initial intervention time, subgroup analysis was carried out, follow-up time, family history, etc.; (3) Results: Nine articles were selected (2093 infants). The Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium mixed strain could prevent eczema in infants under three years of age compared to the placebo (RR = 0.60; I2 = 67%; p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that the mixture of two probiotic strains had preventive effects on both infants with positive (RR = 0.53; I2 = 52%; p < 0.001) and negative (RR = 0.69; I2 = 62%; p = 0.02) family history; The follow-up time for ≤12 months (RR = 0.65; I2 = 12%; p = 0.01) and 12–24 months (RR = 0.60; I2 = 79%; p = 0.003), daily dose of probiotics ≤ 1 × 109 and > 1 × 109 colony forming units all can be effective (p < 0.01); Compared with the intervention of infants alone (RR = 0.63; I2 = 63%; p = 0.29), the effect of probiotics mixture at the beginning of pregnancy was more significant (RR = 0.59; I2 = 71%; p < 0.001); Except for the mixture of Lactobacillus rhamnosusGG (LGG) and Bifidobacterium longum (B. longum) (p = 0.18), other subgroups of intervention group can play a preventive effect (p < 0.05); (4) Conclusions: The mixed strain of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium can effectively reduce the incidence of eczema in infants under three years old. However, further research is needed to fully understand the exact mechanism of their effect on infant eczema.

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“…However, results of many different clinical trials that do not include stratification of subjects by baseline microbiota suggest that probiotic function is not necessarily predicated on a specific microbiota baseline. 33,34 There may well be compositional patterns of microbiota that do not respond well to incoming probiotic strains, just as there are for certain drugs, 35 but such profiles have not yet been fully defined.…”

Section: [H1] Probioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotics and prebiotics in intestinal health and disease: from biology to the clinic

Sanders¹,

Merenstein

Reid

et al. 2019

Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol

1,281

740

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Probiotics and prebiotics are microbiota management tools for improved host health. They target gastrointestinal effects via the gut, although direct application to other sites such as the oral cavity, vaginal tract and skin are being explored. Here, we describe gut-derived effects in humans. In the past decade, research on the gut microbiome has rapidly accumulated, accompanied by increased interest in probiotics and prebiotics as a means to modulate the gut microbiota. Given the importance of these approaches for public health, it is timely to reiterate factual and supporting information on their clinical application and use. In this Review, we discuss scientific evidence on probiotics and prebiotics, including mechanistic insights into health effects. Strains of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Saccharomyces have a long history of safe and effective use as probiotics, but Roseburia spp., Akkermansia spp., Propionibacterium spp. and Faecalibacterium spp. show promise. For prebiotics, glucans and fructans are well proven with evidence building on prebiotic effects of other substances (e.g. oligomers of mannose, glucose, xylose, pectin, starches, human milk; and polyphenols). 2 Key Points  The human gut microbiota is integral to health and is associated with a variety of diseases  Therapeutic and prophylactic effects of some probiotics and prebiotics for a variety of gut-related disorders might be, at least in part, mediated through modification of the microbiota and/or its function  Probiotic microorganisms act via a variety of means, including modulation of immune function, production of organic acids and antimicrobial compounds, interaction with resident microbiota, interfacing with the host, improving gut barrier integrity and enzyme formation  Prebiotics are substrates that are selectively utilized by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit; prebiotic effects include defence against pathogens, immune modulation, mineral absorption, bowel function, metabolic effects and satiety  Use of some probiotics and prebiotics is justified by robust assessments of efficacy, but not all products have been validated; the goal is evidence-based use by healthcare professionals

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Eczema-protective probiotic alters infant gut microbiome functional capacity but not composition: sub-sample analysis from a RCT

Cited by 34 publications

References 36 publications

Ethnic diversity in infant gut microbiota is apparent before the introduction of complementary diets

Ethnic diversity in infant gut microbiota is apparent before the introduction of complementary diets

Can Mixed Strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium Reduce Eczema in Infants under Three Years of Age? A Meta-Analysis

Probiotics and prebiotics in intestinal health and disease: from biology to the clinic

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