Edaravone and obeticholic acid protect against cisplatin-induced heart toxicity by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation and modulating Nrf2, TLR4/p38MAPK, and JAK1/STAT3/NF-κB signals

Abstract

Cardiotoxicity is a significant adverse effect of cisplatin (CIS) that necessitates extensive medical care. The current study examines the cardioprotective effects of edaravone (EDV), obeticholic acid (OCA), and their combinations on CIS-induced cardiac damage. Rats were allocated into five groups: the normal control group, the remaining four groups received CIS (7.5 mg/kg, i.p.) as a single dose on the fifth day and were assigned to CIS, OCA (10 mg/kg/day) + CIS, EDV (20 mg/kg/day) + CIS, and the (EDV + OCA) + CIS group. Compared to the CIS-treated group, co-treating rats with EDV, OCA, or their combinations significantly decreased ALP, AST, LDH, CK-MB, and troponin-I serum levels and alleviated histopathological heart abnormalities. Biochemically, EDV, OCA, and EDV plus OCA administration mitigated cardiac oxidative stress as indicated by a marked decrease in heart MDA content with a rise in cardiac antioxidants SOD and GSH associated with upregulating Nrf2, PPARγ, and SIRT1 expression. Besides, it dampened inflammation by decreasing cardiac levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, mediated by suppressing NF-κB, JAK1/STAT3, and TLR4/p38MAPK signal activation. Notably, rats co-administered with EDV plus OCA showed noticeable protection that exceeded that of EDV and OCA alone. In conclusion, our study provided that EDV, OCA, and their combinations effectively attenuated CIS-induced cardiac intoxication by activating Nrf2, PPARγ, and SIRT1 signals and downregulating NF-κB, JAK1/STAT3, and TLR4/p38MAPK signals. Graphical Abstract Outlined diagram summarized the possible protective mechanisms of OCA and/or EDV against cisplatin-induced cardiac injury