Edaravone's free radical scavenging mechanisms of neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia: review of the literature

Abstract

Free radicals and oxidative stress play key roles in cerebral ischemic pathogenesis and represent pharmacological targets for treatment. Edaravone (Edv), one of antioxidant agents that have been used in acute ischemic stroke in both clinical settings and animal experiments, exerts neuroprotective effect on ischemic injured brains. This review is aimed to elaborate the latest molecular mechanisms of the neuroprotection of Edv on cerebral ischemia and provide reasonable evidence in its clinical application. It is found that Edv has neuroprotective influence on cerebral ischemia, which is closely related to the facets of scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydroxyl radical (ċOH) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). And it is a good antioxidant agent that can be safely used in the treatment of cerebral ischemia and chronic neurodegenerative disorders as well as other ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-related diseases. The combination of Edv with thrombolytic therapy also can be applied in clinical settings and will be greatly beneficial to patients with stroke.

Protective effect of Edaravone against hypoxia-induced cytotoxicity in osteoblasts MC3T3-E1 cells

“…Neuronal protective effects of Edaravone against ischemia–reperfusion injury have been intensively studied in cell models, animal models, and clinical trials. It is closely related to the facets of scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydroxyl radical (OH), and RNS . Recently, several molecular pathways have been shown to mediate hypoxia sensing at the cellular and molecular levels.…”

Investigation of Epidermal Growth Factor, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha and Thioredoxin System in Rats Exposed to Cerebral Ischemia

“…Free radicals are important in long term ischemia as well (1). It is indicated that free radicals contribute to brain lesions and ischemia-induced free radical damage (15,16). MCAO gives rise to the increased intracellular calcium and excessive free radicals.…”

GC/MS Analysis of Gossypitrin Sample with Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Effects against Chemical Hypoxia-Induced PC12 Cell Death

“…This condition of oxidative stress in the highly vulnerable brain tissue leads to lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, different types of DNA damage, and eventually to neuronal cell death. In this sense, antioxidants of varying chemical structures have been investigated as therapeutic agents in the treatment of this acute injury (Alonso-Alconada et al, 2013; Ren et al, 2015).…”