Eddy Current Separation of Nonferrous Metals Using a Variable-Frequency Electromagnet

Dholu, Nakul; Nagel, James R.; Cohrs, Dave; Rajamani, Raj K.

doi:10.14356/kona.2017012

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…For example, copper is roughly three times denser than aluminum, meaning an aluminum particle will experience three times the acceleration under the same magnetic field. As was demonstrated by Dholu (2017), this allows us to separate aluminum from copper by simply throwing the aluminum particles a much further distance. Further research will be necessary to explore the practical limits of this concept on real-world industrial applications.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Forces on Particles in Time-Varying Magnetic Fields

Ray¹,

Nagel²,

Cohrs³

et al. 2018

KONA

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Electrodynamic sorting is a process that sorts metals based on conductivity, density, and geometry. The process works by inducing electrical eddy currents within particles placed in a time-varying magnetic field. For the special case of a perfect, uniform sphere, an approximate equation can be used to predict the net force under a linear magnetic gradient. This paper explores the accuracy of that model by measuring the net force on spherical samples of copper, brass, and aluminum with varying sizes and excitation frequencies. Results consistently show strong agreement with the approximate models over all conditions. We also explore several non-spherical geometries, including cylinders, cubes, and disks. We found that they could be modeled as equivalent spheres, given an appropriate radius, and had reasonable accuracy over frequency.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…One emerging technology that addresses many of these problems is electrodynamic sorting (EDX) (Dholu et al, 2017;Smith et al, 2017). The process is similar to mechanical eddy current separation but, rather than spin an array of permanent magnets, it utilizes a fixed electromagnet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forces on Particles in Time-Varying Magnetic Fields

Ray¹,

Nagel²,

Cohrs³

et al. 2018

KONA

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The first step of separation is to divide materials into non-metals and metals, and then separate based on the type (PVC, PE, rubber or copper, aluminum). For example, aluminum and copper can be sorted using a roll-type electrostatic separator equipped with a reversed-S-shaped-plate high-voltage electrode at very high degrees of purity [52], density-based separation, sorting by using eddy current separation [53], or highresolution optical sorting system [54]. For separation of different plastics for example triboelectrostatic separation can be used [55,56], as well as selective flotation separation [57,58], or laser-induced plasma spectroscopy [59,60], etc.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Recycling the Waste-Cables Containing Copper and PVC

Blinová

Godovčin

2021

Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology

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Urbanization, development of economy, increasing population and improved living standards and lifestyle have caused a sharp growth in waste. Inappropriate or inefficient waste disposal techniques can cause serious air, soil, and groundwater pollution, which subsequently can negatively affect the urban environment and threaten the health of residents. The goal of waste management is to move to a circular economy in which waste does not exist. If there is no possible way to reduce or reuse waste, the best solution is recycling it. Recycling brings abundant benefits on the economic and ecological levels levels, and helps reduce overall human health risk of adverse impacts. Recycling of the waste-cables which contain PVC and copper replaces the production of virgin PVC and mining of copper from copper ore, it reduces landfill solid waste pressures, saves energy and water sources, reduces emissions to environment, and also reduces negative impacts from improperly dispose of waste, etc. This paper presents an overview of recycling techniques for the waste-cables containing copper as a core and polyvinyl chloride as an insulating layer or sheath. It also lists advantages and disadvantages of these techniques and importance of recycling this type of waste.

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“…In levitation melting, eddy currents are responsible to heat, melt specific objects and already help to repel particles avoiding any direct contact with the container [6,7]. Another recent technology called electrodynamic sorting uses highfrequency electromagnets to separate conducting metal particles from other of a different physical nature container [8][9][10]. Electromagnetic damping signifies the creation of a resistive force that causes a conductive object, in which eddy currents flow, to slow down without physically touching it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partial Electrical Equivalent Circuits and Finite Difference Methods Coupling; Application to Eddy Currents Calculation for Conductive and Magnetic Thin Plates

Djemoui¹,

Allag²,

Chebout³

et al. 2021

PIER C

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This paper presents a new integro-differential coupling between partial equivalent electrical circuits (PEEC) and finite difference method (FDM) taking into account the magnetization effect. This coupling is intended for thin plates having simultaneously significant conductive and magnetic properties in the presence of exciting coils of complex topologies. These cases exist in eddy current nondestructive testing (ECNDT), eddy current separation, induction or levitation melting devices, and more other applications. The choice of FDM, is in relation with rectangular surfaces generated by numerical meshes leading to mathematical integrations of magnetic and electrical quantities with independent variables, unlike more complicated forms of surfaces generated by finite element method (FEM) or others. Fully successful analytical expressions have been realized and implemented in overall coupling process. The PEEC method is mainly used to calculate the magnetic field applied to the nodes of the plate from different inclined polygonal coils. The results of magnetic field and eddy current distributions on thin plates are presented, and parts of them are compared with those realized by Flux 3D software.

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Eddy Current Separation of Nonferrous Metals Using a Variable-Frequency Electromagnet

Cited by 27 publications

References 10 publications

Forces on Particles in Time-Varying Magnetic Fields

Forces on Particles in Time-Varying Magnetic Fields

Importance of Recycling the Waste-Cables Containing Copper and PVC

Partial Electrical Equivalent Circuits and Finite Difference Methods Coupling; Application to Eddy Currents Calculation for Conductive and Magnetic Thin Plates

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