Edge Capping of 2D‐MXene Sheets with Polyanionic Salts To Mitigate Oxidation in Aqueous Colloidal Suspensions

Natu, Varun; Hart, James L.; Sokol, Maxim; Chiang, Helen; Taheri, Mitra L.; Barsoum, Michel W.

doi:10.1002/ange.201906138

Cited by 98 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Compared to the previously reported antioxidants such as a polyphosphate reported by Natu et al. [ 31 ] and l ‐ascorbate anion reported by our group, [ 22 ] citric acid enables MXene nanosheets to have a much higher and longer stability in terms of chemical composition (shown in Figure and Figure S9 (Supporting Information)). It is surprising to see from Figures 9a,b that the Ti(IV) percentage does not rise at all for Ti 3 C 2 T x vacuum‐filtered films made from nanosheets protected by citric acid after even five months and longer, while severe oxidation and nearly complete degradation were observed after just 50 d for Ti 3 C 2 T x dispersed in a water‐only reference system.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…During storage, MXene nanosheets gradually lose colloidal stability due to conversion to TiO 2 . [ 22,31,34 ] For initially acidic media, MXenes colloid stability declines with time, as indicated by the increasingly more positive ζ potential values and the drastic increase in the hydrodynamic size (shown in Figure 3b). Note that this aggregation of the MXene nanosheets in acidic dispersions may contribute to the slower oxidation rate due to the smaller surface to volume ratio.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…discovered that some antioxidants (such as sodium l ‐ascorbate) and polyanions (such as polyphosphates) slow the oxidation of Ti 3 C 2 T x and extend significantly their shelf‐life. [ 22,31 ] Shuck et al. reported that Ti 3 C 2 T x MXenes derived from MAX phase made from graphite as the carbon source are more stable than that from lampblack and titanium carbide (TiC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 32 ] However, so far, these studies are limited to Ti 3 C 2 T x and have not been applied to any M 2 XT x MXenes. [ 22,31 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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pH, Nanosheet Concentration, and Antioxidant Affect the Oxidation of Ti₃C₂T_x and Ti₂CT_x MXene Dispersions

Zhao

Vashisth

Blivin

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Inter

134

114

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groups (OH, O, F), n usually ranges from 1 to 3, and x reflects the number of terminal groups. [1-5] MXenes have drawn much attention for their potential use in energy storage, [1,6] sensing technology, [7,8] functional coatings, [9-11] plasmonics, [12] and catalytic applications [13-15] due to their high electrical conductivity, hydrophilicity, and surface charge. Most of those properties can be traced back to their metallic-like 2D structure and functional groups attached during the etching and delamination processes. [4,5,16-18] However, recent studies suggest that MXenes are prone to react with dissolved oxygen and water molecules, which results in the formation of transition metal oxides and carbon residues. [3,19,20] Initially, Zhang et al. claimed that MXene oxidizes due to the contact with dissolved oxygen in water. [20] However, Huang et al. and our group also demonstrated that water molecules, rather than oxygen molecules, play a critical role in MXene degradation. [21,22] MXenes were reported to oxidize and degrade more rapidly in water rather than in organic solvents, air, or polymer matrixes. [3,23] Zhang et al., Chae et al., and Habib et al. (our group) also found that temperature and humidity have an influence on MXene oxidation. [3,19,20] They proposed that low temperatures and low humidity can mitigate the oxidation of MXene nanosheets due to the slower reaction kinetics and reduced exposure to water molecules, respectively. In addition, MXene nanosheets that are single-to few-layered or have smaller lateral size oxidize faster than multilayered MXene clay particles or larger-size nanosheets. MXenes oxidize rapidly when exposed to oxidizers such as hydrogen peroxide or treated by flash-annealing at high temperatures. [24,25] In addition, elemental composition may influence the oxidation kinetics. [26] VahidMohammadi et al. and Huang et al. reported that M 2 XT x MXenes, such as V 2 CT x and Ti 2 CT x , oxidize and degrade much faster than the more common M 3 X 2 T x , such as Ti 3 C 2 T x. [21,27] Other aspects may also contribute to the oxidation of MXenes, such as the amount and types of terminal groups, etching conditions, ultraviolet exposure, and the number of defects on the MXene nanosheets.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 32 ] However, so far, these studies are limited to Ti 3 C 2 T x and have not been applied to any M 2 XT x MXenes. [ 22,31 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

pH, Nanosheet Concentration, and Antioxidant Affect the Oxidation of Ti₃C₂T_x and Ti₂CT_x MXene Dispersions

Zhao

Vashisth

Blivin

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Inter

134

114

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show abstract

“…Furthermore, the same technique for MXene synthesis may be applied to produce more 2D materials from MAX-like phases such as MAB. Another hurdle for researchers to be overcome is the requirement of sub-zero temperatures for the storage of MXenes [79]. It is essential to develop an effective technique for storing MXene solution for a long time without oxidizing.…”

Section: Challenges and Future Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of MXenes in Water Desalination: Current Status and Perspectives

Ihsanullah

2020

Nano-Micro Lett.

187

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HIGHLIGHTS • A broad overview of MXenes and MXene-based nanomaterials in desalination is presented. • Recent advancement in the synthesis of MXenes for applications in desalination is critically evaluated. Salt removal mechanisms and regeneration capability of MXenes are appraised. • Current challenges and future prospect of MXenes in desalination are highlighted. Research directions are provided to safeguard the applications of MXenes in future desalination. ABSTRACT MXenes, novel 2D transition metal carbides, have emerged as wonderful nanomaterials and a superlative contestant for a host of applications. The tremendous characteristics of MXenes, i.e., high surface area, high metallic conductivity, ease of functionalization, biocompatibility, activated metallic hydroxide sites, and hydrophilicity, make them the best aspirant for applications in energy storage, catalysis, sensors, electronics, and environmental remediation. Due to their exceptional physicochemical properties and multifarious chemical compositions, MXenes have gained considerable attention for applications in water treatment and desalination in recent times. It is vital to understand the current status of MXene applications in desalination in order to define the roadmap for the development of MXene-based materials and endorse their practical applications in the future. This paper critically reviews the recent advancement in the synthesis of MXenes and MXene-based composites for applications in desalination. The desalination potential of MXenes is portrayed in detail with a focus on ion-sieving membranes, capacitive deionization, and solar desalination. The ion removal mechanism and regeneration ability of MXenes are also summarized to get insight into the process. The key challenges and issues associated with the synthesis and applications of MXenes and MXene-based composites in desalination are highlighted. Lastly, research directions are provided to guarantee the synthesis and applications of MXenes in a more effective way. This review may provide an insight into the applications of MXenes for water desalination in the future.

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Guidelines on the Intercalation of Ions and Molecules in MXenes

Natu,

Barsoum

2024

Transition Metal Carbides and Nitrides (MXenes) Handbook

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Edge Capping of 2D‐MXene Sheets with Polyanionic Salts To Mitigate Oxidation in Aqueous Colloidal Suspensions

Cited by 98 publications

References 35 publications

pH, Nanosheet Concentration, and Antioxidant Affect the Oxidation of Ti₃C₂T_x and Ti₂CT_x MXene Dispersions

pH, Nanosheet Concentration, and Antioxidant Affect the Oxidation of Ti₃C₂T_x and Ti₂CT_x MXene Dispersions

Potential of MXenes in Water Desalination: Current Status and Perspectives

Guidelines on the Intercalation of Ions and Molecules in MXenes

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Edge Capping of 2D‐MXene Sheets with Polyanionic Salts To Mitigate Oxidation in Aqueous Colloidal Suspensions

Cited by 98 publications

References 35 publications

pH, Nanosheet Concentration, and Antioxidant Affect the Oxidation of Ti3C2Tx and Ti2CTx MXene Dispersions

pH, Nanosheet Concentration, and Antioxidant Affect the Oxidation of Ti3C2Tx and Ti2CTx MXene Dispersions

Potential of MXenes in Water Desalination: Current Status and Perspectives

Guidelines on the Intercalation of Ions and Molecules in MXenes

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Product

Resources

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pH, Nanosheet Concentration, and Antioxidant Affect the Oxidation of Ti₃C₂T_x and Ti₂CT_x MXene Dispersions

pH, Nanosheet Concentration, and Antioxidant Affect the Oxidation of Ti₃C₂T_x and Ti₂CT_x MXene Dispersions