Edge gradient and safety-factor effects on electrostatic turbulent transport in tokamaks

Particle and energy transport in tokamaks and other toroidal confinement devices is dominated by turbulence generated by flows and gradients. In order to understand and control of this transport, diagnostic instrumentation was developed to study the structure and magnitude of microturbulent processes and to identify the origins of plasma loss. This review will cover the primary instruments that have been developed to measure fluctuating quantities associated with transport: density, δn, temperature, δT, potential, δφ, and magnetic field, δB, and their correlations. The methods discussed are Langmuir probes, heavy ion beam probes, collective and phase scintillation scattering, beam emission and ordinary spectroscopy, reflectometry and enhanced scattering, electron cyclotron emission, and several magnetic methods. The emphasis here will be on techniques applicable to microturbulence whose scale length is greater than the ion cyclotron radius and much less than the minor radius. Limitations and strengths of each method will be described and compared. Techniques will be discussed for estimating fluctuation intensities and wave number spectra or, equivalently, multipoint correlations in radial, poloidal, and toroidal directions. Large scale or magnetohydrodynamic-like plasma oscillations are typically studied with tomographic techniques or external probes and are reviewed elsewhere.

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A comparison of edge turbulence in tokamaks, stellarators, and reversed-field pinches*

Tsui

Wootton

Bell

et al. 1993

Physics of Fluids B: Plasma Physics

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Edge equilibrium, turbulence and transport related plasma parameters from the Advanced Toroidal Facility (ATF) [Fusion Technol. 10, 179 (1986)] torsatron, the ZT-40M [Fusion Technol. 8, 1571 (1985)] reversed-field pinch, the Phaedrus-T [Nucl. Fusion 32, 2040 (1992)] tokamak, the Texas Experimental Tokamak (TEXT) [Nucl. Technol. Fusion 1, 479 (1981)], and the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) [in Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, 1990 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1991), Vol. 1, p. 9] have been obtained using a standardized Langmuir probe array and a consistent set of data analysis packages. Additional data from some other devices have also been furnished via private communications and incorporated from published results. Experimental results over a wide range of parameters are compared and the turbulence contribution to edge transport are assessed. Certain physical properties that are relevant to the modeling of edge turbulence are identified: namely, shear decorrelation of turbulence, the role of resistive dissipation and electron parallel thermal conduction, radial mode structure in sheared magnetic field, and electromagnetic contribution to the parallel Ohm’s law.

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Edge gradient and safety-factor effects on electrostatic turbulent transport in tokamaks

Cited by 9 publications

References 12 publications

Turbulent SOL transport in stellarators and tokamaks

Turbulent SOL transport in stellarators and tokamaks

Diagnostic instrumentation for microturbulence in tokamaks

A comparison of edge turbulence in tokamaks, stellarators, and reversed-field pinches*

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