Edge-Machine-Learning-Assisted Robust Magnetometer Based on Randomly Oriented NV-Ensembles in Diamond

Homrighausen, J.; Horsthemke, Ludwig; Pogorzelski, Jens; Trinschek, Sarah; Glösekötter, Peter; Gregor, Markus

doi:10.3390/s23031119

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…If the crystal orientation is known, the parallel B 0 -field component can be determined by splitting the resonances and the angle of incidence can be calculated back. Homrighausen et al [29] have already demonstrated this in a fiber-based setup. The Hahn echo, in which the NV center becomes sensitive to alternating magnetic fields whose frequency corresponds to twice the pulse spacing τ, is suitable for measuring AC fields.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Microcontroller-Optimized Measurement Electronics for Coherent Control Applications of NV Centers

Stiegekötter,

Pogorzelski,

Horsthemke

et al. 2024

Sensors

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Long coherence times at room temperature make the NV center a promising candidate for quantum sensors and quantum computers. The necessary coherent control of the electron spin triplet in the ground state requires microwave π pulses in the nanosecond range, obtained from the Rabi oscillation of the mS spin states of the magnetic resonances of the NV centers. Laboratory equipment has a high temporal resolution for these measurements but is expensive and, therefore, uninteresting for fields such as education. In this work, we present measurement electronics for NV centers that are optimized for microcontrollers. It is shown that the Rabi frequency is linear to the output of the digital-to-analog converter (DAC) and is used to adapt the time length π of the electron spin flip, to the limited pulse width resolution of the microcontroller. This was achieved by breaking down the most relevant functions of conventional laboratory devices and replacing them with commercially available integrated components. The result is a cost-effective handheld setup for coherent control applications of NV centers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Microcontroller-Optimized Measurement Electronics for Coherent Control Applications of NV Centers

Stiegekötter,

Pogorzelski,

Horsthemke

et al. 2024

Sensors

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“…The efficiency of the required calculation is such that trained NNs can be converted into compact and efficient TensorFlow Lite models, with a size of approximately 90 kB. These models are suitable for deployment and execution on microcontrollers, which would minimize resource demands and enable data collection and estimation on the same device, leading to a significant reduction in latency [49,50]. We can expect that, during data collection of photon-counting measurements, different chunks of measured time-delays are fed into the trained NN models for inference in real time.…”

Section: Computation Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, the Bayesian parameter estimation method will be computationally time-consuming, even in simple systems. This hampers the prospects for real-time estimation and for the integration of the inference process in the actual measurement device taking the data, which would be desirable for reduced latency and energy consumption [49,50].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parameter estimation from quantum-jump data using neural networks

Rinaldi,

González Lastre,

García Herreros

et al. 2024

Quantum Sci. Technol.

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We present an inference method utilizing artificial neural networks for parameter estimation of a quantum probe monitored through a single continuous measurement. Unlike existing approaches focusing on the diffusive signals generated by continuous weak measurements, our method harnesses quantum correlations in discrete photon-counting data characterized by quantum jumps.We benchmark the precision of this method against Bayesian inference, which is optimal in the sense of information retrieval. By using numerical experiments on a two-level quantum system, we demonstrate that our approach can achieve a similar optimal performance as Bayesian inference, while drastically reducing computational costs. Additionally, the method exhibits robustness against the presence of imperfections in both measurement and training data. This approach offers a promising and computationally efficient tool for quantum parameter estimation with photon-counting data, relevant for applications such as quantum sensing or quantum imaging, as well as robust calibration tasks in laboratory-based settings.

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“…To read out fluorescence signals, a customized transimpedance amplifier (TIA) is used described in a previous publication [37]. The TIA output voltage is fed into a lock-in amplifier (LIA) (MFLI, Zurich Instruments, Zurich, Switzerland).…”

Section: Measurement Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compact and Fully Integrated LED Quantum Sensor Based on NV Centers in Diamond

Pogorzelski,

Horsthemke,

Homrighausen

et al. 2024

Sensors

Self Cite

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Quantum magnetometry based on optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) of nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond nano or microcrystals is a promising technology for sensitive, integrated magnetic-field sensors. Currently, this technology is still cost-intensive and mainly found in research. Here we propose one of the smallest fully integrated quantum sensors to date based on nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond microcrystals. It is an extremely cost-effective device that integrates a pump light source, photodiode, microwave antenna, filtering and fluorescence detection. Thus, the sensor offers an all-electric interface without the need to adjust or connect optical components. A sensitivity of 28.32nT/Hz and a theoretical shot noise limited sensitivity of 2.87 nT/Hz is reached. Since only generally available parts were used, the sensor can be easily produced in a small series. The form factor of (6.9 × 3.9 × 15.9) mm3 combined with the integration level is the smallest fully integrated NV-based sensor proposed so far. With a power consumption of around 0.1W, this sensor becomes interesting for a wide range of stationary and handheld systems. This development paves the way for the wide usage of quantum magnetometers in non-laboratory environments and technical applications.

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Edge-Machine-Learning-Assisted Robust Magnetometer Based on Randomly Oriented NV-Ensembles in Diamond

Cited by 8 publications

References 37 publications

Microcontroller-Optimized Measurement Electronics for Coherent Control Applications of NV Centers

Microcontroller-Optimized Measurement Electronics for Coherent Control Applications of NV Centers

Parameter estimation from quantum-jump data using neural networks

Compact and Fully Integrated LED Quantum Sensor Based on NV Centers in Diamond

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