Edge-mode–based graphene nanomechanical resonators for high-sensitivity mass sensor

Han, Guang-Rong; Jiang, Jin-Wu

doi:10.1209/0295-5075/123/36002

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Simulation in the canonical NVT ensemble at the same temperature (where atomic number, volume, and temperature are kept constant). The edges of the graphene were fixed after structural relaxation and a sinusoidal velocity excitation as shown in equation (2) [10,12,42] was applied to the central part.…”

Section: Modeling and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulating the mass sensitivity of graphene resonators via kirigami

Zhu¹,

Zhang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2022

Nanotechnology

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The unique mechanical properties of graphene make it an excellent candidate for resonators. We have used molecule dynamic to simulate the resonance process of graphene. The kirigami approach was introduced to improve the mass sensitivity of graphene sheets. Three geometric parameters governing the resonant frequency and mass sensitivity of Kirigami graphene NEMS were defined. The simulation results demonstrate that the closer the Kirigami defect is to the central position of the drum graphene, the higher the mass sensitivity of the graphene, showing up to about 2.2 times compared with that of pristine graphene. Simultaneously, the kirigami graphene has a higher out-of-plane amplitude and easy access to nonlinear vibrations, leading to higher mass sensitivity. Besides, the kirigami structure can restrict the diffusion of gold atoms on graphene under high initial velocity or large tension condition. It is evident that a reasonable defect design can improve the sensitivity and stability of graphene for adsorption mass.

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Section: Modeling and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulating the mass sensitivity of graphene resonators via kirigami

Zhu¹,

Zhang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2022

Nanotechnology

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“…4 Subsequently, different types of resonant structures 5−30 based on suspended graphene without an attached mass were studied for the basic properties of graphene 7−9,11−13,15,17−20,23,24,26−28 and for device applications such as ultrasensitive detection of gases, 16 temperature, 10 pressure, 29 mass, 15 vibrations, 5,31 and for applications in fire warning 32 and infrared spectroscopy. 14 The resonance frequency of graphene resonators was theoretically and experimentally demonstrated to be influenced by a change in the tension of the suspended graphene that can be caused, for example, by applied electrostatic voltages, 33−36 temperature, 10,37 mass, 37,38 thermal shrinkage of SU-8 resist anchors, 39 nanoindentation forces, 40 and external accelerations. 41,42 Furthermore, graphene was used to study various types of nonlinear dynamic effects, such as mode-coupling, and parametric and internal resonances.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resonance frequency of graphene resonators was theoretically and experimentally demonstrated to be influenced by a change in the tension of the suspended graphene that can be caused, for example, by applied electrostatic voltages, − temperature, , mass, , thermal shrinkage of SU-8 resist anchors, nanoindentation forces, and external accelerations. , Furthermore, graphene was used to study various types of nonlinear dynamic effects, such as mode-coupling, and parametric and internal resonances . As the dimensions of graphene NEMS structures shrink, their mechanical nonlinearity is reached at smaller displacements, resulting in a decreased dynamic range of NEMS devices .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resonant Transducers Consisting of Graphene Ribbons with Attached Proof Masses for NEMS Sensors

Fan,

Moreno-Garcia,

Ding

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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The unique mechanical and electrical properties of graphene make it an exciting material for nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS). NEMS resonators with graphene springs facilitate studies of graphene's fundamental material characteristics and thus enable innovative device concepts for applications such as sensors. Here, we demonstrate resonant transducers with ribbonsprings made of double-layer graphene and proof masses made of silicon and study their nonlinear mechanics at resonance both in air and in vacuum by laser Doppler vibrometry. Surprisingly, we observe spring-stiffening and spring-softening at resonance, depending on the graphene spring designs. The measured quality factors of the resonators in a vacuum are between 150 and 350. These results pave the way for a class of ultraminiaturized nanomechanical sensors such as accelerometers by contributing to the understanding of the dynamics of transducers based on graphene ribbons with an attached proof mass.

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“…In recent years, various nano-electromechanical systems (NEMSs) have been developed based on suspended nanoscale objects, such as nanowires, − graphene, − MoS 2 films, , MoSe 2 films, and nanotubes. − These NEMS-based resonators have been used to fabricate high-performance sensors capable of measuring force, mass, ,, thermal radiation, ,,, current, pressure, and magnetic fields , while providing the advantage of having ultrasmall masses. Graphene, a material comprising sheets made of single atomic layers and exhibiting high stiffness, low mass, and good thermal conductivity along the basal plane, is an ideal candidate for the fabrication of nano-optomechanical resonators and nanomechanical resonators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Room-Temperature Fiber Tip Nanoscale Optomechanical Bolometer

et al. 2022

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Nanomechanical bolometers have proven to be well suited to the analysis of light. However, conventional wafer-based devices have limited practical applications because they require special vacuum chambers, cryogenic temperatures, bulky space optical components, and/or complex circuitry. The present work developed a nanoscale optomechanical bolometer intended for photothermal sensing using an all-optical actuation and measurement approach. The proposed bolometer is compact and has an integrated all-optical-fiber structure based on fabricating a Fabry− Perot interferometer incorporating multilayer graphene at the fiber tip and packaged in a small vacuum-sealed tube. This microscale vacuum packaging doubled the signal-to-noise ratio compared with that in air. This miniature all-fiber nanoscale optomechanical bolometer also exhibited a high resolution with photothermal sensitivities of approximately 6.23 and 6.44 kHz/μW when using the second-order mode at room temperature and 0 °C, respectively. This design could be beneficial for applications outside specialized laboratories with uses in the fields of medicine, industrial manufacturing, nanoscience, and astronomy.

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Edge-mode–based graphene nanomechanical resonators for high-sensitivity mass sensor

Cited by 6 publications

References 41 publications

Modulating the mass sensitivity of graphene resonators via kirigami

Modulating the mass sensitivity of graphene resonators via kirigami

Resonant Transducers Consisting of Graphene Ribbons with Attached Proof Masses for NEMS Sensors

Room-Temperature Fiber Tip Nanoscale Optomechanical Bolometer

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