Edge reconfiguration of N, P-codoped carbon boosts oxygen reduction electrocatalysis

Modulating the electronic structure of hollow Cu/Cu3P hetero‐nanoparticles to boost the oxygen reduction performance in long‐lasting Zn‐air battery

“…Furthermore, the intensity ratio (I G /I D ) was calculated for the G‐ and D‐band to reflect the graphitization of different Cu/Cu 3 P@NP‐Cs. The larger I G /I D value of Cu/Cu 3 P@NP‐C‐1000 (1.05) than those of Cu/Cu 3 P@NP‐C‐800 (1.02) and ‐900 (1.04) indicates the higher graphitization degree with the increase of phosphating temperature, thus improving their electrical conductivity 43–45 . The N 2 adsorption–desorption isotherms of Cu/Cu 3 P@NP‐C‐900 and Cu NPs@NC‐900 samples are illustrated in Figure 3C, which represent type IV isotherms with H4‐type hysteresis loops, confirming the presence of mesoporosity 46–49 .…”

“…The larger I G /I D value of Cu/Cu 3 P@NP-C-1000 (1.05) than those of Cu/Cu 3 P@NP-C-800 (1.02) and -900 (1.04) indicates the higher graphitization degree with the increase of phosphating temperature, thus improving their electrical conductivity. [43][44][45] The N 2 adsorptiondesorption isotherms of Cu/Cu 3 P@NP-C-900 and Cu NPs@NC-900 samples are illustrated in Figure 3C, which represent type IV isotherms with H4-type hysteresis loops, confirming the presence of mesoporosity. [46][47][48][49] It is noteworthy that the hysteresis loop is not closed in the isotherm of Cu/Cu 3 P@NP-C-900, which may be associated with the irreversible uptake of nitrogen molecules in pores of the hollow structure.…”

Ultrauniformly Dispersed Cu Nanoparticles Embedded in N-Doped Carbon as a Robust Oxygen Electrocatalyst

“…The graphitization of carbon materials was evaluated by the comparison of I G / I D values. The ratios of I G / I D for Cu NPs/N-C-700 (1.05), −800 (1.12), and −900 (1.15) increase with elevating pyrolysis temperature, indicating the increased graphitization degree, which is favorable for the conductivity enhancement. − Nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms were carried out at 77 K to characterize the surface area and pore size distributions of Cu NPs/N-C samples (Figures c and S2). As shown in Figure c, the type IV isotherms with an H3-type hysteresis loop at a high-pressure region affirm the presence of a mesoporous structure .…”

Recent advances of bifunctional catalysts for zinc air batteries with stability considerations: from selecting materials to reconstruction

“…Consequently, electron transfer numbers over the same potential range are improved from 3.48-3.57 for samples treated at 900 °C, to 3.75-3.94 for samples reconstituted at 1100 °C. 73 As shown in Fig. 2b, S and P doping in the precursor (mostly not found in the nal product) can also enhance the coupling effect at the edges and inside the graphene structure.…”