Edge-Rich 3D Structuring of Metal Chalcogenide/Graphene with Vertical Nanosheets for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production

Abstract

Constructing pertinent nanoarchitecture with abundant exposed active sites is a valid strategy for boosting photocatalytic hydrogen generation. However, the controllable approach of an ideal architecture comprising vertically standing transition metal chalcogenides (TMDs) nanosheets on a 3D graphene network remains challenging despite the potential for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production. In this study, we fabricated edge-rich 3D structuring photocatalysts involving vertically grown TMDs nanosheets on a 3D porous graphene framework (referred to as 3D Gr). 2D TMDs (MoS 2 and WS 2 )/3D Gr heterostructures were produced by location-specific photon-pen writing and metal−organic chemical vapor deposition for maximum edge site exposure enabling efficient photocatalytic reactivity. Vertically aligned 2D Mo(W)S 2 /3D Gr heterostructures exhibited distinctly boosted hydrogen production because of the 3D Gr caused by synergetic impacts associated with the large specific surface area and improved density of exposed active sites in vertically standing Mo(W)S 2 . The heterostructure involving graphene and TMDs corroborates an optimum charge transport pathway to rapidly separate the photogenerated electron−hole pairs, allowing more electrons to contribute to the photocatalytic hydrogen generation reaction. Consequently, the size-tailored heterostructure showed a superior hydrogen generation rate of 6.51 mmol g −1 h −1 for MoS 2 /3D graphene and 7.26 mmol g −1 h −1 for WS 2 /3D graphene, respectively, which were 3.59 and 3.76 times greater than that of MoS 2 and WS 2 samples. This study offers a promising path for the potential of 3D structuring of vertical TMDs/graphene heterostructure with edge-rich nanosheets for photocatalytic applications.